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四六级考研复习中的困惑
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【昨日复习】
Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is.
任何/所有仔细记分数的人都知道，所得到的信息总是不完全的，而且这些预测也总是会有错误的。标准化测试提供了快速、客观地得到某些信息的方法，这些信息是有关一个人所学到的知识、他所获得的技能，或者他是属于哪一类型的人。
【今日长难句】
The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
【句子分析】
1. 首句主干= the information/ has /the same advantages and shortcomings. 修饰成分：so obtained 为非谓语动词（v-ed）修饰the information; the same … as other kinds of information 为advantages and shortcomings 的修饰成分。qualitatively 为副词，做插入语，修饰整句话。
2. 二句主干=主谓宾=whether to use A, B or C + depends upon + the evidence and upon factors； A = tests; B= other kinds of information; C=both. 修饰成分：in a particular situation 修饰use …；therefore 为句子主干的插入语，一般汉语译为“因此”放在句首；the evidence /from experience /concerning comparative validity为层层修饰关系；其中from experience修饰the evidence; concerning comparative validity 修饰experience。译为：有关相对效度的经验方面的证据=来自相对效度的经验方面的证据。
3. such factors as cost and availability 核心词为factors; such factors as cost and availability译为：诸如费用和来源有无等因素。availability 本义为可用性，结合语境译为“是否可用、有无来源”均可。
【基础必备词】
obtain vt. 获得
qualitatively adv. 定性地；从品质上讲
shortcomings n. 缺点；短处
advantage n. 优势；利益；有利条件
depend on / upon 依赖，依靠，取决于
evidence 证据，证明
experience n. 经验；经历；体验
concerning prep. 关于；就…而言
comparative adj. 比较的；相当的
validity n. [计] 有效性；效度；正确性
availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性
【参考译文】
The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
这样得到的信息，从性质上讲，与其它种类的信息一样具有优点或缺点。因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者兼用，取决于有关相对效度的经验方面的证据，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
【明日预告】
In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.