Speed4E Hyper-high-speed for electric vehicles

Speed4E is the follow-up project of the already successfully completed research project Speed2E.
Today’s electric vehicles are powered by machines with maximum driving speeds between around 10,000 rpm and about 15,000 rpm. With the increase in engine speed of up to 30,000 rpm, the volume of the active components, its mass as well as its price, could be reduced by about 30%. Therefore, the power density, the efficiency and the economic viability of electric automobile drivetrains were considerably raised.
The project objectives for Speed2E were accomplished: both sub-transmissions of the drivetrain were operated with a speed of up to 30,000 rpm, driving cycles could  be implemented and tested at the test-rig.
Figure 1: Speed2E Drivetrain
In Speed4E, the goal is to reach and investigate even higher driving speeds,
in particular, driving speeds of up to 50.000 rpm are to be reached at the two test-rigs in Munich and Hanover, while a maximum motor speed of 30,000 rpm is pursued for safe operation in two vehicles. Hence, while developing a highly integrated, compact and power-dense drivetrain, a great focus will be put onto its NVH-behaviour and, especially, efficiency.
To achieve these ambitious goals, many aspects have to be taken into detailed account and, amongst others, these very challenges have to be faced:
  • Identification of a suitable sealing concept, since state-of-the-art solutions cannot be used with the investigated speeds
  • Design of bearings and their compatibility with the lubricant
  • Loss in the power electronics’ semiconductors and the airstream
  • Passing of multiple resonant frequencies of the gears
  • Generation of a highly integrated and scalable drivetrain
  • Development of a highly efficient lubricant and of an integrated thermal–management
  • Development of an intelligent transmission-management with matching control strategies
  • First-time integration and practical test in a vehicle
The project goals for the hyper-high-rev drivetrain are in particular:
  • Thanks to the hyper-high driving speed, a substantial contribution to raising the range and efficiency shall be given. Because of the application in a real vehicle, a compelling validation of the results is possible.
  • In addition to improving and optimising efficiency, intelligent operating strategies shall be developed for the complete system, which will benefit of the synergies of a highly integrated approach.
  • Design of a lightweight drivetrain for a further efficiency increase
  • First-time vehicle integration and testing of a hyper-high-speed drivetrain
  • Design of an innovative fluid to lubricate and cool all the components combined and development of an intelligent thermal-management
  • Realisation of a highly integrated and scalable drivetrain
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以下部分为某工具翻译的相关材料,请大家海涵,能力一般。。。

为了更准确地确定轴承支承力,正在运用FVA的RIKOR软件实行轴承支承力准备时,已斟酌到了正在重复历程中壳体刚度的低重,并且通过基于有限元的变形阐发可加紧壳体轴承座,使其确保承载轴产生最小的倾斜。
 
  为了增大扭矩,设计了一种低损耗啮合方案,它因具有十分小的齿形轮廓啮合面而能将啮合中的滑动因素降低到很小的水准。因为运转转速趋势于越来越高,规矩上就啮合固有频率(正在该频率下齿轮体认正在切线偏向上相互相对振动)而言,已不再能确保啮合的下临界运转。若引发频率(取决于啮合齿数)较小的话,那么这种情状根本上能被抵制。
 
 
  图6示出了正在电机全负荷下转速开始加快到27000 r/min时每种计划相关于转速均匀的固体声阶次谱的比照,它们是对每一种啮合试验由相像的加快率传感器正在啮合偏向上测得的。试验安顿直至试验到最高计划转速30000 r/min。从阶次谱中依据其主动小齿轮齿数和比其更高的阶次就能辨认出轮齿啮合的频率。低损耗计划的振动性情中轮齿啮合频率的第1阶次高电平占上风,这是因啮合刚度相对较高使动态轮齿受力较大所酿成的。另外,正在轮齿啮合频率四周还显现了侧频带,这是由高的轮齿啮合频率和分度谬误所致。
  所以,大凡的计划标的为了避免啮合总体共振,不妨存正在限定性。这些试验证明了遵从目前手艺程度计划的啮合性情有利于低重噪声。正在较高转速时利用的档位,齿数多的出力优化的几何计划正在声学职能上也是有利的,由于它们具有的高轮齿啮合频率,靠人耳难以察觉。下临界计划正在声学职能方面是最差的,由于轮齿啮合频率浩繁的谐波外露高电平,全豹试验转速下的引发频率都较低,都处于可听取得的频率领域,所以能证明这关于避免啮合共振是有害的。
  这种动力传动体例是正在一种车速可到达160 km/h的C级前轮驱动样车根基长进行计划的。这种由两个分支变速器构成的车桥变速器(图1和图2)由两个转速高达30000 r/min的构造相像的永磁同步电机驱动。分支变速器Ⅰ(TGⅠ)被计划成传动比为21的两级前轮驱动变速器,正在电机最高转速时到达最高车速160 km/h。除此以外,3级分支变速器Ⅱ(TGⅡ)具有两个档位,即初始传动比为32和高效档位传动比为15。两个分支变速器通过一个共用的差速器呆滞结合。因为其构造具有很强的性能,所以能完毕牵引力无终了的换档。除此以外,两个分支变速器上活络的功率分派供应了推行抬高能量出力或低重运转噪声辐射互换性。
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