Zhanglin Ancient Port 樟林古港（中英文介绍版）

它是红头船的故乡，是历史上粤东第一大港，更是古海丝路上的重要始发地。

它是谁呢？

它就是小编今天要介绍的樟林古港！

樟林古港位于汕头市澄海区东里镇，方圆2平方公里，古时因“遍地樟木，枞灌成林”而得名。

樟林古港 Zhanglin Ancient Port

但人们对此很费解，如此“二平方公里”的弹丸之地，为何能名贯世界，誉称南洋群岛诸国呢?

Zhanglin Ancient Port is located in Dongli town, Chenghai distrcit, Shantou. As the birthplace of Red Boat, Zhanglin port was once an important gateway to foreign trade in eastern Guangdong.

且听小编和你一一诉说~

樟林地处韩江三角洲下游，潮州、澄海、饶平、南澳四县(市)在樟林交汇。

海阔江宽，河海交汇的优越地理方位，使得樟林成为潮汕以致粤东和闽南地区出海的一个主要港口，繁荣兴盛达百年以上。

Situated in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, Zhanglin port had great advantages in foreign tarde for its favourable geographical location.

唐朝时期，樟林还是一个名不经传的滨海渔村。到宋代因盐业鼎盛，著名的小江盐场使司便设立于此，专管沿海各地渔盐业课税；

到明万历年间(1573-1619)，因近海渔业大有发展，这里迅速成为“渔鲜盈市”的埠头，樟林开始名播潮州。

后来因清初斥地，澄海被迫内迁25公里，樟林港埠一度毁于战火，几成废墟。

Early in Tang Dynasty, Zhanglin was a small and backward place, but it developed into a busy port later in Song Dynasty, because an office was set up there to manage salt tax affairs of coastal areas.

But Zhanglin port was almost in ruins because of wars in the early Qing Dynasty.

康熙七年（1668年），樟林港埠重新兴旺。康熙八年澄海复县之后，人民重返家园，重修石城，并移东陇河泊所置于石城内，又设海关税馆、右营守备署等机构，樟林的渔业、盐业、航运业迅速恢复。

至康熙二十三年，正式解除海禁，樟林港埠商人纷纷造船出海。

到了康熙末年，又允许与暹罗进行大米贸易，远洋航海事业应运面生，由渔港转商业港，樟林港埠呈现一派繁荣景象。

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynsty, Zhanglin port was rebuilt. Trade activities there were also revived. With the ban on maritime trade lifted, Zhanglin developed into an prosperous port for maritime trade.

自雍正元年至乾隆五十六年（1723年至1791年）大约70年的时间，是樟林港埠早期的黄金时代。

据《澄海县志》所记载：“贾客海师，往来如梭，闽商浙客，巨帆高桅如蚁集”。可见当时贸易的繁荣情况。

Zhanglin port reached its peak from 1723 to 1791. According to historical records, countless ships berthed at Zhanglin port and merchants from home and abroad gathered there for trade.

据说当时广东每年从澄海五口征得的税银，占全省总额的1/5，而樟林口居五口之首。由此可见，樟林港埠发展到那时，其地位已是举足轻重了！

樟林还被标入了英国出版的世界地图，够不够威水！

It's also recorded that Zhanglin paid most tax among all five ports of Chenghai. Zhanglin was also marked in a map of the world published in the UK in 1864.

随着商贸活动的频繁，樟林埠也成为潮汕地区早期移民出国、对外拓展的重要口岸，故史称“通洋总江”。

红头船 Red Boat

据不完全统计，早期往南洋群岛诸国的华侨先辈，60%以上都是从樟林港埠出发的。当年的先辈们，怀揣着发家致富的梦想，搭乘满载货物的红头船，沿着古老的航海路线，飘洋过海。

With frequent commercial and trade activities with oversea countries, Zhanglin port had also been a port of departure for early immigrants in Chaoshan area.

据说，樟林古港的红头船队多达一百多支。它们每年乘季候风，北上最远可达日本；南下则远至安南、暹罗、实叻、三宝陇、苏门答腊、汶莱、北婆罗洲等地。

It's said that over 60% of the earliest overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia boarded Red Ships full of cargos and departed from Zhanglin port, heading overseas via the ancient Maritime Silk Road.

19世纪70年代起，樟林港因河道淤塞逐渐衰落，红头船逐渐外国汽船所取代。1861年汕头辟为通商口岸之后，樟林完全被汕头港所代替了。

而今，红头船不再，古港不再。但悠久历史和繁荣却给樟林古港留下了丰富的文化遗产。

天后宫 Tianhou Temple

Since 1870s, Zhanglin began to go downhill as the riverbed was silted up. It gradually was replaced by Shantou port, which was later opened to foreign trade.

其中，樟林古港、新兴街栈房、西塘、锡庆堂、秦牧故居、南盛里、天后宫、山海雄镇庙、风伯庙和行忠公祠等一批古建筑、近现代代表性建筑保存尚好，多数古建筑遗址体现了中西合璧的建筑风格，是中外经济文化交流的有力证明。

南盛里 Nanshengli street

Though its glory had faded, Zhanglin still boasts rich cultural and historical heritage, including Xinxingjie Street, Xitang Garden, Tianhou (Matsu) Temple, Fengbo Temple and many other architecture with both Chinese and Western characteristisc.

去年2月，在樟林古港的新兴街古码头清淤中，挖掘出一块珍贵刻字古石碑上，还发现了嘉庆年间的古码头遗址。

They are the best witnesses to economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.

这一发现再次说明了当年樟林古港航道红头船贸易繁荣，更是汕头作为海上丝绸之路起源地重要的佐证之一。

In Februry, 2017, a stone tablet and an ancient port site in Emperor Jiaqing's reign (1760—1820 ) were discovered at Xinxingjie Street of Zhanglin port.

山海雄镇庙 Shanhai Xiongzhen Temple

These discoveries illustrate the prosperity of trade in Zhanglin Ancient Port again, and evidence that Shantou was one of the starting ports of the ancient Maritime Silk Road as well.

2016年，樟林古港被评为“广东海上丝绸之路十大文化地理坐标”，同时它还是海上丝绸之路联合申遗的史迹点之一哦。

Source: WeChat（丝路云帆）

本文来自：silkroadpost丝路邮报，发表时间为2018年10月10日。版权归作者所有，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢。