作家名片 | 李国文：我手写我心，从心所欲不逾矩
编者按
近年来，中国文化“走出去”的影响力不断扩大，在全球文化多元化发展日益兴盛的背景下，中国文化译研网(CCTSS)联合中国作家协会《小说选刊》杂志社，启动“新世纪中国当代作家、作品海外传播数据库”项目，将100位中国当代优秀作家的简介、代表作品以及展示作家风采的短视频翻译为10种语言，集结成1000张中国作家名片向全球推介。千张“作家名片”将鲜明地向世界宣告：我是中国作家，我在进行中国创作。
此种形式和规模是中国故事走向世界的一大创新，会让世界更加全面、客观、公正地了解中国优秀作家作品，同时也是打通中国文化走向世界的“最后一公里”。
李国文，男，1930年8月生于上海，原籍江苏省盐城市。1949年毕业于南京戏剧专科学校理论编剧专业。当过抗美援朝的中国人民志愿军战士， 1986年调到中国作家协会，担任《小说选刊》主编。1957年开始发表作品。著有长篇小说《花园街五号》，短篇小说集《第一杯苦酒》《危楼纪事》《没意思的故事》等。长篇小说《冬天里的春天》获首届茅盾文学奖，《月食》《危楼纪事》（之一）分别获全国第三、第四届优秀短篇小说奖。
李国文被认为是一株文坛常青树，自他的第一篇小说《改选》发表后，几十年间一直有新作发表，并且都获得了广泛的好评。他以平常心写作，我手写我心，心到笔到，嬉笑怒骂，从心所欲不逾矩。他十分重视作家的语言风格，认为语言是最能体现出时代感的文字符号，力求运用富有生命力的民族语言，追求风雅的文化品位。
李国文的处女作《改选》于1957年7月发表在《人民文学》上。表面上这是一部反对官僚主义的小说，但作品在深层次上揭露了中国国民性中软弱、忍让和缺乏自我保护意识、反抗意识的一面。作品塑造的主人公郝魁山是以英雄形象出现的，通过三个主要事件表现郝魁山一心为人民服务的崇高形象。当他在工会大会上因说错话而被免除工会主席职务之后，仍然不计较个人得失，也丝毫没有消减他为工人们办实事的积极性。然而当他在工人们的大力拥护下被选为新一任工会主席的时候，却因为积劳成疾在选举现场当场死亡。从“人性”和“自我意识觉醒”角度来分析，郝魁山缺乏自我意识，他从肉体到精神完全“无我”，明显是不符合人性的。长篇小说《冬天里的春天》是李国文在“大地、人民、母亲”这样一个母题下，以某大型军工动力厂党委书记兼厂长于而龙回到阔别三十多年的游击根据地查找暗杀自己妻子芦花的凶手为线索，通过他回故乡三天之中的经历、见闻、联想、回忆等，概括了近四十年间的社会变迁。作者以反思的态度回顾历史，思考革命的代价以及革命后的当下现实。作者将议论、抒情化入主人公的灵魂中，通过主人公的意识流动自然地表露作者的理念。作品结构独特，运用颠倒的时序，将历史和现实穿插讲述，情节扑朔迷离，增加了它的艺术魅力，具有令人荡气回肠的艺术感染力和深刻的思想内涵，展现了“春天在人民心里”的主题。
近年，李国文出版了随笔集《中国文人的非正常死亡》《中国文人的活法》等，在“历史大散文”这个行当里独树一帜，影响颇大。
Li Guowen
Li Guowen, male. Born in August 1930 in Shanghai; his family is originally from Yancheng in Jiangsu province. Graduated from the Nanjing Theatre Academy in 1949 with a major in playwriting theory. Former member of the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army (deployed to aid North Korea in 1950). In 1986, he joined the Chinese Writers Association and became the chief editor of Selected Fiction. His writing was first published in 1957. His works include the novel Number Five Garden Street, the short story collections The First Bitter Glass of Wine, History of a Dangerous Building, and A Pointless Story. His novel Spring in Winter won the first Mao Dun Literature Prize, and his works Lunar Eclipse and History of a Dangerous Building (part one) received China’s third and fourth national award for Outstanding Short Story, respectively.
Li Guowen has been considered an evergreen feature among literary circles. In the decades that have followed the publication of his novel Re-election, he has consistently published new works, each of which has been widely praised. He writes with an ordinary heart, writing freely and from the heart, never straying outside his own rules. Attaching particular importance to the writer’s linguistic style, he believes that language is the textual symbol most capable of reflecting the feelings of a certain time. He pursues the use of rich, vibrant national language, and elegant cultural tastes.
Li Guowen’s literary debut Re-Election was published in People’s Literature in July 1957. While ostensibly a book opposing bureaucracy, on a deeper level it revealed another side of the Chinese people— one that was weak, restrained, and lacked an awareness of self-protection and resistance. Hao Kuishan, the novel’s protagonist, takes the form of a hero. The book displays Hao Kuishan’s noble image as a person who works for the people through three major events. When he is stripped of his position as labor union president (as a result of saying the wrong words during an important meeting), he does not bicker about his individual successes and failures. In fact, his enthusiasm for serving the workers is not at all dampened. When he is chosen as the new union leader, thanks to the massive support of the workers, he dies at the election site as a result of long-term overwork. If one analyzes the character from the perspectives of “human nature” and “an awakening to self-awareness,” one sees that Hao Kuishan lacks self-awareness. He is completely selfless, both physically and mentally, something that clearly does not align with typical human nature.
Using the themes of “land,” “people,” and “mother,” Spring in Winter follows Yu Erlong, party committee secretary and head of a large-scale military depot, who returns to a guerrilla base that he has not visited in thirty years to track down the person who murdered his wife, Lu Hua. The experiences, thoughts, and memories that occur during the three days of his return also serve to summarize of nearly forty years of social transformation. Through an attitude of reflection, the author looks back on the past and ponders the price of revolution, in addition to considering the current post-revolution reality. He injects commentary and emotional expression into the protagonist’s soul, organically revealing his own beliefs through the protagonist’s own thoughts. This novel is notable for its unique structure and its use of chronological disorder. It intersperses history with reality, its intricate plot increasing its artistic allure. Possessing a deeply moving artistic infectiousness and deep intellectual content, Spring in Winter reveals that “spring is in the people’s hearts.”
In recent years, Li Guowen has published essay collections such as The Abnormal Death of a Chinese Literati and The Survival Method of a Chinese Literati. When it comes to “historical prose,” he has developed a style of his own and has been highly influential.
编辑 | 罗雨静
“文化互译，沟通世界”
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