英语论文写作中常见的过渡表达用法

过渡词的功能?

文章中用一文章中用一定词或词组，提示前后意思之间的联系，将他们有机联系起来，自然而然的由上文转入下文，这就是过渡词；用于两句或两段间的连接。过渡是一个主题换到另一个主题之间的转变，可以藉由词或短语来表现。过渡部分时常放在句首、独立子句和段落里，因此为不同的主题和想法之间建立连结。过渡词也是用来建立论文的「脉络」，并使各部分有逻辑地相互连接，进而让文章清楚易懂。

过渡用法的分类

我们可以将所有的转折用法分成四类:

• Additive transitions 提醒读者你要新增或参照其他信息

• Adversative transitions 指出信息之间的冲突或不一致

• Causal transitions 指出后果和因果关系

• Sequential transitions 澄清顺序和信息的序列和论文的整体架构

Additive Transitions

这一类的过渡皆表示在句子和段落之间有新信息加入，功能包含介绍或强调重点、参照先前提到的信息、加上新的状况或指名某一部分的信息是相当重要的。

Adversative Transitions

这些表达用来区分事实、论点和其他信息，可利用比对以展现相异处或提供反对论点、质疑某个事实或论点的重要性或替换并提供其他替换。

Causal Transitions

以下这些过渡词指出原因、条件、目的、前提和因果关系，通常出现于论文中的一个重要观点被建立之后或为了讨论假设性的关系或情况。

Sequential Transitions

这些词组将论文按照连续性或动作顺序组织架构，像是以参照先前提到的信息，以标示出额外插入的信息和以总结论文的方式。一连串的过渡词是建构架构的必经过程，帮助读者理解整个过程。

如何挑选正确的转折用法

过渡表达是写作中相当普遍的用法，但也应为很好用所以容易被误用或滥用，导致写作质量不佳。以下提供一些技巧帮助你挑选出最适当的转折用法:

• Check for overused, awkward, or absent transitions when you are reading through and/or editing your paper. Don't spend too much time trying to find the “perfect” transition while writing the paper.

• When you a place where a transition could connect ideas, establish relationships, and make it easier for the reader to understand your point, use the list to find a suitable transition term or phrase.

• Similarly, if you have repeat some terms again and again, find a substitute transition     from the list and use that instead. This will help vary your writing and enhance communication of ideas.

• Read the beginning of each paragraph. Did you include a transition? If not, look at the information in that paragraph and of the preceding paragraph and ask yourself: “How does this information connect?” Then locate the best transition from the list.

• Check the structure of your paper—are your ideas clearly laid out in order? You should be able to locate sequence terms such as “first,” “second,” “following this,” “another,” “in addition,” “finally,” “in conclusion,” etc. These terms will help outline your paper for the reader.