英语字母组合及其读音

R音节是由五个元音字母加上辅音字母R一起构成的音节，R音节是许多单词的构成部分，掌握R音节的读音一般规则对单词的拼读与记忆很有帮助。在单词中如果出现元音字母后有两个R连在一起，如 sorry, parrot,hurry，这里的两个R是为了区分开音节与闭音节，这样的结构一般不是R音节。R音节在单词中的读音一般规则如下表：

1.R音节在重读音节中的读音

1).ar在重读音节中读[a:],例如：sharpener ['ʃɑ:pənə] car [kɑ:] dark [dɑ:k] arm [ɑ:m] card [kɑ:d] park [pɑ:k] hard [hɑ:d] farmer ['fɑ:mə] party ['pɑ:ti] artist ['ɑ:tist] garden ['gɑ:dn] far [fɑ:] pork [pɔ:k]

2)．er在重读音节中读[ε:] ， 例如：term [tə:m] certainly ['sə:tənli] Berlin [bə:'lin] person ['pə:sn] university [,ju:ni'və:siti] Germany ['dʒə:məni] serve [sə:v] prefer [pri'fə:] deserve [di'zə:v] nervous ['nə:vəs] expert [ek'spə:t]

3.)ir在重读音节中读[ε:]， 例如：skirt [skə:t] thirty ['θə:ti] thirsty ['θə:sti] first [fə:st] nurse [nə:s] birthday ['bə:θdei] circle ['sə:kl] T-shirt ['ti:ʃə:t] dirty ['də:ti]

4）．or在重读音节中读[ɔ:]， 例如：for [fɔ:] short [ʃɔ:t] sport [spɔ:t] born [bɔ:n] report [ri'pɔ:t] north [nɔ:θ] fork [fɔ:k] nor [nɔ:] order ['ɔ:də] corner ['kɔ:nə] storm [stɔ:m] afford [ə'fɔ:d] performance [pə'fɔ:məns]

5）．ur在重读音节中读[ε:]， 例如：purse [pə:s] purple ['pə:pl] Thursday ['θə:zdi] turkey ['tə:ki] turn [tə:n] church [tʃə:tʃ] disturb [dis'tə:b] hurt [hə:t] return [ri'tə:n] surfing ['sə:fiŋ] Turkey ['tə:ki]

2. R音节在非重读音节中读

R音节在非重读音节中读[ə]，例如：number ['nʌmbə] ruler ['ru:lə] father ['fɑ:ðə] after ['ɑ:ftə] doctor ['dɔktə] Saturday ['sætədi] dollar['dɔlə] popular ['pɔpjulə] sugar ['ʃugə] perhaps [pə'hæps] conductor [kən'dʌktə] scissors ['sizəz] comfortable ['kʌmfətəbl] inventor [in'ventə] shepherd ['ʃepəd] inspector [in'spektə]

3. R音节在W后的读音

1）． ar在W后读[ɔ:]， 例如：wardrobe ['wɔ:drəub]warm[wɔ:m]war[wɔ:] towards [tə'wɔ:dz] rewarding [ri'wɔ:diŋ]

2）．or在W后读[ε:]，例如：work [wə:k] word [wə:d] world [wə:ld] worse [wə:s] worth [wə:θ] form [fɔ:m]

英语单词中的字母组合相当于我们汉字中的形声偏旁，掌握一些常见的字母组合及其读音对单词的拼读与记忆非常有益。英语中常见两个字母组合可分为三种类型：元音字母组合，元辅音字母组合及H辅音字母组合。英语中也有一些三个或三个以上的字母组合在一起发音。

1.十个元音字母组合及其读音：

1). 字母EA组合的读音

EA组合读[i:]，例如：please [pli:z] teacher ['ti:tʃə] seat [si:t] clean [kli:n] speak [spi:k] eat [i:t] meat [mi:t] tea [ti:] cream [kri:m] easy ['i:zi] team [ti:m] each [i:tʃ] leave [li:v] sea [si:] cheap [tʃi:p] east [i:st] wheat [hwi:t] season ['si:zn] mean [mi:n] reach [ri:tʃ] dream [dri:m] breathe [bri:ð] least [li:st] deal [di:l] beach [bi:tʃ];

EA组合读[e]，例如: health [helθ] weather ['weðə] ready ['redi] weak [wi:k] instead [in'sted] death [deθ] pleasant ['pleznt] already [ɔ:l'redi] leather ['leðə] sweater ['swetə] heavy ['hevi] head [hed] bread [bred];

EA组合读[ei]，例如: break [breik] great [greit]

2).字母AI组合的读音

AI组合读[ei], 例如：e-mail [i:'meil] straight [streit] train [trein] afraid [ə'freid] wait [weit] rain [rein] painting ['peintiŋ] main [mein]complain [kəm'plein] pain [pein] fail [feil] mainland ['meinlənd] rail [reil] tail [teil] painful ['peinfəl];

AI组合读[ə/i], 例如：certainly ['sə:tənli] mountain ['mauntin] Britain ['britən] captain ['kæptin];

AI组合读[e], 例如：again [ə'gen] against[ə'genst]

3)．字母 OA 组合的读音

OA 组合读[əu] ，例如：boat [bəut] coat [kəut] road [rəud] download ['daunləud] goal [gəul]

4）字母OU组合读[au], 例如：mouse [maus] our ['auə] house [haus] trousers ['trauzəz] about [ə'baut] mouth [mauθ] out [aut] round [raund] ouch [autʃ] pound [paund] sound [saund] mountain ['mauntin] cloud [klaud] south [sauθ] loud [laud] ground [graund] proud [praud] found [faund] drought [draut] count [kaunt] blouse [blauz] around [ə'raund] thousand ['θauzənd] shout [ʃaut];

OU组合读[ʌ], 例如：young [jʌŋ] country ['kʌntri] trouble ['trʌbl] enough [i'nʌf] encourage [in'kʌridʒ] rough [rʌf] double ['dʌbl];

OU组合读[u:/u], 例如：you [ju:] could [kud] should [ʃud] soup [su:p] through [θru:]

5）.字母EE组合的读音

EE组合读[i:]，例如：three [θri:] thirteen ['θə:ti:n] meet [mi:t] see [si:] sheep [ʃi:p] between [bi'twi:n] sleep [sli:p] week [wi:k] wheel [hwi:l] agree [ə'gri:] free [fri:] sweet [swi:t] feed [fi:d] feel [fi:l] need [ni:d] street [stri:t] beef [bi:f] cheese [tʃi:z] seem [si:m] knee [ni:] screen [skri:n] reef [ri:f] greet [gri:t] freeze [fri:z]

6).字母EI组合的读音

EI组合读[ei],例如：eight [eit] foreign ['fɔrin] height [hait] receive [ri'si:v]

7）.字母IE组合的读音

IE组合读[i:]，例如：piece [pi:s] field [fi:ld] thief [θi:f] believe[biˈli:v] achieve [əˈtʃi:v];

IE组合读[ai]，例如：tie [tai] die [dai] pie [pai] lie[lai]

8）.字母OI的读音

组合读[ɔi]，例如：toilet ['tɔilit] coin [kɔin] oil [ɔil] noise [nɔiz] voice [vɔis] spoil [spɔil] soil [sɔil] point [pɔint] join [jɔin]

9）字母OO组合

OO组合读[u:]，例如：too [tu:] room [ru:m] broom [bru:m] noon [nu:n] too [tu:] foot [fut] zoo [zu:] noodle ['nu:dl] soon [su:n] moon [mu:n] spoon [spu:n] cool [ku:l] pool [pu:l] bamboo [bæm'bu:];

OO组合读[u]，例如：book [buk] look [luk] good [gud] cook [kuk] wool [wul] wood [wud];

OO组合读[ʌ]，例如：flood [flʌd] blood [blʌd]

10）字母AU组合

AU组合读[ɔ:]，例如：daughter ['dɔ:tə] Australia [ɔ:s'treiljə] because [bi'kɔ:z] autumn ['ɔ:təm] August [ɔ:'gʌst] cause [kɔ:z] pause [pɔ:z] audience ['ɔ:diəns];AU组合读[ɑ:]，例如：aunt [ɑ:nt] laugh [lɑ:f]

2.七个元辅音字母组合及其读音：

R音节是英语中最常见的元辅音字母组合，R音节的读音在前面已讲到。除了R音节外，英语中常见的元辅音字母组合如下表：

1）．字母AW组合读[ɔ:]，例如：draw [drɔ:] law[lɔ:] saw [s ɔ:] awful [ˈɔ:fl] flaw [flɔ:] lawn[lɔ:n] jaw[dʒɔ:] paw[pɔ:]

2）字母AY组合读[ei], 例如：today [tə'dei] way [wei] play [plei] say [sei] day [dei] away [ə'wei] player ['pleiə] may [mei] stay [stei] maybe ['meibi] relay [ri'lei] lay [lei] pay[pei]

3）字母EW组合读[ju:]，例如：news [nju:z] few [fju:] chew [tʃu:] crew []jewelry ['dʒu:əlrɪ] Jewish [ˈdʒu:ɪʃ]

4)字母EY组合读在重读音节中读[ei]或[i:]，例如：hey[hei] they [ðei] grey [grei] key [ki:]；在非重读音节中读[i],例如：money ['mʌni] Sydney ['sidni] turkey ['tə:ki] monkey ['mʌŋki]

5）字母EX组合读[gz] ，例如：exact[ɪgˈzækt] exam[ɪgˈzæm] example[ɪgˈa:mpl] exist[ɪgˈzɪst] exhaust[ɪgˈzɔ:st] executive[ɪgˈzekjətɪv]；

字母EX组合读[ks] ，例如：excuse[ɪkˈskju:s] expect[ˈekspɜ:t] exchange[ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ] except[ɪkˈsept] experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] experiment [ɪkˈsperɪmənt] explain [ɪkˈspleɪn] expose [ɪk'spəʊz] express[ɪkˈspres] expensive[ɪkˈspensɪv] extraordinary [ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri]

6）字母OY组合读[ɔi]，例如：boy [bɔi] toy [tɔi] employ [imˈplɔi] enjoy [inˈdʒɔi]

7）字母OW组合读[əu]，例如：row [rəu] know [nəu] window ['windəu] yellow ['jeləu] throw [θrəu] borrow ['bɔrəu] tomorrow [tə'mɔ:rəu] follow ['fɔləu] grow [grəu] slow [sləu] show [ʃəu] snow [snəu] below [bi'ləu] Moscow ['mɔskəu] own [əun] bowl [bəul];

字母OW组合读[au]，例如：how [hau] down [daun] now [nau] flower ['flauə] brown [braun] cow [kau] town [taun] shower ['ʃauə] crow [krəu] allow [ə'lau]

3.五个H字母组合及其读音：

字母PH组合读[f], 例如：phone [fəun] photo ['fəutəu] dolphin ['dɔlfin] elephant ['elifənt] telephone ['telifəun] geography [dʒi'ɔgrəfi] physics ['fiziks] telegraph ['teligrɑf]

字母SH组合读[ʃ]，例如：English ['iŋgliʃ] sharpener ['ʃɑ:pənə] she [ʃi:] shoe [ʃu:] short [ʃɔ:t] fish [fiʃ] shop [ʃɔp] wash [wɔʃ] dish [diʃ] wish [wiʃ] shall [ʃæl] push [puʃ] crash [kræʃ]

字母CH组合读[tʃ]，例如：teacher ['ti:tʃə] much [mʌtʃ] child [tʃaild] China ['tʃainə] chair[tʃɛə] watch [wɔtʃ] lunch [lʌntʃ] catch [kætʃ] chips [tʃip] ouch [autʃ] chess [tʃes] each [i:tʃ] French [frentʃ] chicken ['tʃikin] cheap [tʃi:p] match [mætʃ] March [mɑ:tʃ] church [tʃə:tʃ] change [tʃeindʒ] such [sʌtʃ] channel ['tʃænl]；

字母CH组合读[k]，例如：school [sku:l] ache [eɪk] stomach[ˈstʌmək] mechanics [məˈkænɪk] chemistry [ˈkemɪstri];

字母CH组合读[ʃ]，例如：machine [mə'ʃi:n] chef [ʃef]

4) 字母SH组合读[ʃ]，例如：English ['iŋgliʃ] sharpener ['ʃɑ:pənə] she [ʃi:] shoe [ʃu:] short [ʃɔ:t] fish [fiʃ] shop [ʃɔp] wash [wɔʃ] dish [diʃ] wish [wiʃ] shall [ʃæl] push [puʃ] crash [kræʃ]

5）字母TH组合读浊音[ð]， 例如：that [ðæt] this [ðis] thanks [θæŋks] father ['fɑ:ðə] these [ði:z] they [ðei] brother ['brʌðə] with [wið] other ['ʌðə]；

字母TH组合读清音[θ]，例如：think [θiŋk] thing [θiŋ] something ['sʌmθiŋ] math [mæθ] health [helθ] third [θə:d] thousand ['θauzənd] south [sauθ] thin [θin] truth [tru:θ]

4.九个含R的三字母组合及其读音

三字母组合主要由字母R构成，其构成方式有两种，一是双字母组合加R，如：ear, air , oar , our 。二是R音节加E，如：are, ere ,ire ,ore, ure 。

1）字母EAR组合读[ɛə] /[iə]/[ ə:]，例如：pear [pɛə] wear [wɛə] tear [tɛə] dear [diə] ear [iə] clear [kliə] nearby ['niəbai] search [sə:tʃ] earth [ə:θ] appear [ə'piə] wear ['wɛə]

1）字母AIR组合读 [ɛə] ，例如：hair [hɛə] air [ɛə] upstairs ['ʌp'stɛəz] repair [ri'pɛə]

2）字母OAR组合读 [ɔ:] ，例如：keyboard ['ki:bɔ:d] blackboard ['blækbɔ:d]

4）字母OUR组合读[ɔ:]/[ ə:] ，例如：your [juə] four [fɔ:] journalist ['dʒə:nəlist] journey ['dʒə:ni] pour [pɔ:]

5）字母ARE组合读[ɛə]，例如：careful ['kɛəfəl] software ['sɔftwɛə]

6）字母ERE组合读 [ɛə]/[ iə]例如：here [hiə] where [hwɛə] there [ðɛə]

7）字母IRE组合读[aiə]，例如：tire ['taiə] fireplace ['faiəpleis] hire[faiə]

8）字母ORE组合读[ɔ:], 例如：before [bi'fɔ:] more [mɔ:] score [skɔ:] explore [iks'plɔ:] store [stɔ:]

9）字母URE组合读[ʊə]/[ ə],例如：sure [ʃʊə(r)] future [ˈfju:tʃə(r)]nature ˈ[]neɪtʃə(r)] picture [ˈpɪktʃə(r)]