Journal of Cleaner Production：我国设施土壤次生盐渍化现状与对策研究进展...
土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室段增强团队对我国设施（塑料大棚）土壤盐分和肥力状况进行了Meta分析，以评估我国设施土壤次生盐渍化程度，并系统总结得出提高设施土壤可持续利用能力的关键措施。相关成果发表于Journal of Cleaner Production（IF=7.246）。
·The soil salinity of 15,739 plastic sheds across China were analysed by a meta-analysis.
·The concentration of total soluble salts was 2.43 g kg−1 and 141.1% salinized.
·The top five salts were NO3− > SO42− > Ca2 > Cl− > Na in mass base.
·The use of organic amendments, and to reserve NO3− were suggested to remediate soil salinity.
Plastic sheds are widely used for vegetable production in China, which accounts forca. 80% cultivation area of plastic-shed vegetable globally. However, the current soil sustainability in plastic sheds in China is severely threatened by soil salinization. Here, we analysed in a meta-analytic study the soil salinity and fertility of 15,739 plastic sheds in China from 234 articles. When compared to open field soils nearby, soils in plastic sheds were greatly salinized as indicated by the concentration of total soluble salts of 2.43 g kg−1 and percent changes (the ratios in percent of values in plastic shed soils to those of open field soils - 100%) of either total soluble salts or electrical conductance (EC) of 141.1%. The concentration of total soluble salts in Yangtze River Basin were 3.08 g kg−1 greatest salinized among all five regions of China. North China and Bohai Rim was the least salt-affected region (1.84 g kg−1) but greatest percent change of soil organic matter (68.5%). Soil soluble salts were 5.76 g kg−1 in top 0–10 cm indicating the greater salt stress in the surface soils. Percent changes of NO3− and K were 264.8% and 224.3% being the two greatest increments among eight salt ions. The top five soluble salt components in percent were NO3− > SO42− > Ca2 > Cl− > Na in mass base (84.0% in total). The special microclimates, and chemical and organic fertilization largely contributed to current soil salinization. We recommend the use of following critical practices for improving soil sustainability in plastic sheds: (1) limit the use of fertilizers containing residual salts (2) top dressing of highly soluble nutrients rather than base chemical fertilization (3) to assimilate NO3− or SO42− by plants and microorganisms and water leaching of Cl−and Na ; (4) the use of organic amendments. Future studies should attach more importance to these practices, and investigate the underlying mechanisms to achieve sustainable soil management and vegetable production for the smallholder farmers.
我国设施蔬菜占全球设施蔬菜种植面积的80%左右，是世界第一大设施蔬菜生产国。然而，我国设施土壤可持续利用受到土壤次生盐渍化的严重威胁，导致设施蔬菜产量和品质大幅降低。本文对234篇文献包含15739个塑料大棚的研究进行了设施土壤盐分和肥力状况的Meta分析。研究结果表明：与临近露天土壤相比，可溶性总盐浓度达到2.43 g·kg−1，总盐或电导率（EC）百分比（设施土壤与大田土壤的差值除以大田土壤，％）皆提高141.1%，设施土壤次生盐渍化程度较高。长江流域的总盐浓度为3.08 g·kg−1，在全国5个地区中盐渍化程度最高。华北和环渤海地区总盐浓度最小（1.84 g·kg−1），与此同时土壤有机质提升百分比最大（68.5%）。0 ~ 10 cm表层土壤总盐含量为5.76 g·kg−1，表明表层土壤盐渍化程度更高。可溶性NO3−和K 含量分别提高264.8%和224.3%，在8大离子中提高程度最大。排名前5位的可溶性盐离子为NO3− > SO42− > Ca2 > Cl− > Na （总计84.0%）。特殊的设施小气候、过量施用含伴随盐分的无机化肥和有机肥是目前设施土壤次生盐渍化的主要原因。本文建议在塑料大棚中使用以下关键措施提高设施土壤可持续利用能力：（1）限制使用含过量伴随盐分的肥料；（2）追施高溶性速效肥料，并减少基施化肥投入；（3）通过植物和微生物同化残余NO3−或SO42−，或洗盐等手段去除Cl−和Na ；（4）使用有机改良剂。未来的研究应重视上述建议及其机理的研究，并针对小农经营，探讨可持续的设施土壤管理和蔬菜生产措施。
来源：土壤与农业可持续发展国重室、农业环境科学