最新权威指导 | 世界卫生组织 WHO 发布的口罩使用指南来了!
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口罩分为医用防护口罩、医用外科口罩和医用护理口罩,以及日常家庭用的普通棉布口罩。在世卫组织的文件中提到的医用口罩特指医用防护口罩,最大的特征是用绳带打结绑在头部,或者是一个杯子状的外形,用绳带绑或者两根松紧带套在头上。也就是说,常见的那种用松紧带挂在耳朵上的的那些薄薄的口罩都不是医用防护口罩。对于预防这次新型肺炎来说,世卫组织指出,只有医用防护口罩是有证据表明有效的。 假如你买不到医用防护口罩,请不要恐慌。因为世卫组织指出,正常情况下,只要你的附近,小于 1 米直径范围内没有咳嗽或者打喷嚏的疑似患者,你就是安全的。 洗手比戴口罩更重要。假如你因为戴了口罩而产生虚假的安全感,却忘了最重要的洗手,那么就是得不偿失的。 假如你只是偶尔,很正常的咳嗽或者打个喷嚏,最好的处理方式是用手肘或者纸巾来捂住口鼻,而不是用手捂,或者戴着口罩打。 口罩如果戴着时间久了变湿润了,就不能再戴,再戴下去,不但不能防住各种细菌病毒,还会增加患病的风险。 一次性口罩不要重复使用。 注意啦,在医疗场所,也就是那些高危场所,世卫组织明确指出,戴普通的布或者棉的口罩只会增加健康人的感染风险,要戴只能戴医用防护口罩。这个道理其实细想一下就能理解,普通口罩根本无法过滤细菌和病毒,反而更容易让细菌和病毒在你的口罩上聚集,是有百害而无一利的。
医用防护口罩
医用护理口罩
avoid agglomerations and frequency of closed crowded spaces; maintain distance of at least 1 meter from any individual with 2019-nCoV respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing, sneezing); perform hand hygiene frequently, using alcohol-based hand rub if hands are not visibly soiled or soap and water when hands are visibly soiled; if coughing or sneezing cover nose and mouth with flexed elbow or paper tissue, dispose of tissue immediately after use and perform hand hygiene; refrain from touching mouth and nose; a medical mask is not required, as no evidence is available on its usefulness to protect non-sick persons.
避免频繁聚集在封闭、拥挤的空间;
与任何有新型冠状病毒呼吸症状(如咳嗽、打喷嚏)的人保持至少 1 米的距离;
经常保持手部卫生,如果手没有被明显弄脏,用含有酒精的洗手液洗手;否则,请用肥皂和水洗手;
如果咳嗽或打喷嚏,用弯曲的手肘或纸巾捂住口鼻,使用后应立即处理掉纸巾,并做好手部清洁;
不要用手接触口鼻;
不需要医用防护口罩,因为没有证据表明它能保护非病患人群。
wear a medical mask and seek medical care if experiencing fever, cough and difficulty breathing, as soon as possible or in accordance with to local protocols; follow the below advice regarding appropriate mask management.
perform hand hygiene frequently, using alcohol-based hand rub if hands are not visibly soiled or soap and water when hands are visibly soiled; keep distance from well individuals as much as possible (at least 1 meter); to contain respiratory secretions, a medical mask should be provided to the individual and worn as much as possible, if it can be tolerated. For individuals who cannot tolerate a medical mask, he/she should rigorously apply respiratory hygiene, i.e. cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with disposable paper tissue. Dispose of the material after use. Clean hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions; improve airflow in living space by opening windows and door as much as possible.
经常保持手部卫生,如果手没有被明显弄脏,用含有酒精的洗手液洗手;否则,请用肥皂和水洗手; 尽量与健康人保持距离(至少 1 米); 为了控制呼吸道分泌物,应为个人提供医用防护口罩,只要可以忍受,就应尽量佩戴。对于无法忍受医用防护口罩的患者,则应该严格采取呼吸卫生措施,即在咳嗽或打喷嚏时用一次性纸巾捂住口鼻。使用后丢弃材料。接触呼吸道分泌物后应立即洗手; 尽可能多地打开窗户来改善居住空间的空气流通。
Relatives or caregivers to individuals with suspected 2019-nCoV infection with mild respiratory symptoms should:
perform hand hygiene frequently, using alcohol-based hand rub if hands are not visibly soiled or soap and water when hands are visibly soiled;
keep distance from affected individual as much as possible (at least 1 meter);
wear a medical mask when in the same room with the affected individual;
dispose of the material immediately after use. Clean hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions;
improve airflow in living space by opening windows as much as possible.
经常保持手部卫生,如果手没有被明显弄脏,用含有酒精的洗手液洗手;否则,请用肥皂和水洗手; 尽量与病患保持距离(至少 1 米); 与病患在同一房间时,戴上医用防护口罩; 病患使用后的物品应立即丢弃。接触呼吸道分泌物后立即清洁双手 尽可能多地打开窗户来改善居住空间的空气流通。
wear a medical mask while waiting in triage or waiting areas or during transportation within the facility; wear a medical mask when staying in cohorting areas dedicated to suspected or confirmed cases; do not wear a medical mask when isolated in single rooms but cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with disposable paper tissues. Dispose them appropriately and perform hand hygiene immediately afterwards.
在分流区或候诊区等待,或在场所内活动期间,戴上医用防护口罩; 在与疑似或确诊病例同处的场所内,戴上医用防护口罩; 在单人房间隔离独处时不要佩戴医用防护口罩,咳嗽或打喷嚏时用一次性纸巾捂住口鼻。妥善处理它们,并立即进行手部清洁。
wear a medical mask when entering a room where patients suspected or confirmed of being infected with 2019-nCoV are admitted and in any situation of care provided to a suspected or confirmed casec; use a particulate respirator at least as protective as a US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-certified N95, European Union (EU) standard FFP2, or equivalent, when performing aerosolgenerating procedures such as tracheal intubation, noninvasive ventilation, tracheotomy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, manual ventilation before intubation, and bronchoscopy.
进入收治疑似或确诊患者的房间时,以及在为他们提供任何护理的情况下,佩戴医用防护口罩;
在执行气雾生成程序(如气管插管、无创通气、气管切开、心肺复苏、插管前人工通气、支气管镜检查)时,使用微粒呼吸器,其防护能力至少应达到美国国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)认证的 N95、欧盟(EU)标准 FFP2 或同等标准。
The following information on correct use of medical masks derives from the practices in health-care settingsd:
place mask carefully to cover mouth and nose and tie securely to minimise any gaps between the face and the mask;
while in use, avoid touching the mask;
remove the mask by using appropriate technique (i.e. do not touch the front but remove the lace from behind);
after removal or whenever you inadvertently touch a used mask, clean hands by using an alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water if visibly soiled
replace masks with a new clean, dry mask as soon as they become damp/humid;
do not re-use single-use masks;
discard single-use masks after each use and dispose of them immediately upon removal.Cloth (e.g. cotton or gauze) masks are not recommended under any circumstance.
仔细找对口罩的佩戴位置,盖住口鼻,系好绑带保证安全,尽可能减少脸部与口罩之间的空隙;
使用过程中,避免触摸口罩;
使用适当的方法取下口罩(即不要触摸前面,而是从后面取下绑带);
取下后或在无意中触摸了用过的口罩,应用含酒精的洗手液清洁双手;如明显弄脏,用肥皂和水清洁双手;
一旦口罩受潮/变湿润,立即更换新的干净、干燥的口罩;
不要重复使用一次性口罩;
一次性口罩,每次使用后应立即丢弃。在任何情况下都不建议使用棉或纱布口罩(译者注:特指在医疗场所中)。
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