企鹅载摄像机
2019
06.04
星期二
Cameras taped to penguins' backs have revealed that flying seabirds know to follow their swimming cousins to fishy feasts, a new study finds.
一项新的研究发现，企鹅背上的摄像机显示，会飞的海鸟知道跟着游泳的企鹅去吃鱼。
The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), the only penguin native to Africa, dwells on southern African coasts, dining mostly on small fishes such as sardines and anchovies.
非洲企鹅是唯一一种原产于非洲的企鹅，生活在非洲南部海岸，主要以沙丁鱼和凤尾鱼等小鱼为食。
The penguins frequently dive more than 100 feet deep, working together to corral schools of fish into shallow waters for ease of feeding.
企鹅经常潜到100多英尺深的地方，一起把成群的鱼赶到浅水区，以便于觅食。
Fishermen and scientists have long noted that gulls and other flying seabirds are often attracted to surfacing African penguins.
长期以来，渔民和科学家们一直注意到，海鸥和其他会飞的海鸟常常被浮出水面的非洲企鹅所吸引。
To learn more about this observed link between the swimming and flying seabirds, researchers stuck cameras onto the backs of African penguins at Stony Point, South Africa, during summers from 2015 to 2018, when the birds were breeding.
为了了解更多关于游泳的企鹅和飞翔的海鸟之间的这种人们观察到的联系，研究人员在2015年至2018年的夏天，在南非的斯托尼波因特，在鸟类繁殖期间，把相机固定在了非洲企鹅的背上。
Each member of a mated pair would alternate between hunting food at sea and guarding their young on land; the scientists would use a sticky but easily removable waterproof tape to secure the cameras to the penguins while they were at their nests, and take them off after the birds returned from foraging.
一对配偶中的每一个成员都要在海上觅食和在陆地上保护幼崽之间交替;科学家们将使用一种粘稠但易于拆卸的防水胶带，在企鹅筑巢时将摄像机固定在企鹅身上，等企鹅觅食归来后再将摄像机取下。
The larger the groups of penguins, the sooner flying seabirds arrived to take advantage of prey the penguins herded to the surface.
企鹅群越大，飞行的海鸟就会越快飞到海面上来，捕食企鹅驱赶到海面上的猎物。
"That tells us that flying seabirds are actively showing interest in penguins as cues for prey," said study lead author Alistair McInnes, a marine ecologist at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
研究报告的主要撰写人、南非伊丽莎白港纳尔逊·曼德拉都市大学的海洋生态学家阿里斯泰尔·麦金尼斯说:“这告诉我们，会飞的海鸟正积极地对企鹅表现出兴趣，把它们当作猎物的线索。”
Similar relationships have been observed between dolphins and diving seabirds called gannets.
海豚和被称为塘鹅的海鸟之间也观察到类似的关系。
"African penguins may be more significant for other seabirds in their communities than previously thought, especially when prey is pretty scarce," McInnes said.
麦克因斯说:“非洲企鹅对它们群落中其他海鸟的重要性可能比之前认为的要大，尤其是当猎物非常稀少的时候。”
"They may be providing valuable services for other birds, especially endangered species such as Cape cormorants."
“它们可能正在为其他鸟类提供有价值的服务，尤其是像角鸬鹚这样的濒危物种。”
Scientists hope that by researching the African penguin, they will uncover clues to help save the endangered species, whose numbers have dropped by more than 70 percent since 2004, McInnes said.
麦克因斯说，科学家们希望通过对非洲企鹅的研究，能找到帮助拯救这一濒危物种的线索，自2004年以来，非洲企鹅的数量已经下降了70%以上。
He and his colleague Pierre Pistorius detailed their findingsonline June 5 in the journal Royal Society Open Science.
他和他的同事皮埃尔·皮斯托瑞斯6月5日在《皇家学会开放科学》杂志上详细介绍了他们在网上的发现。
问题：
文中提到了哪两种濒危动物？
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