网络的路由配置以及Centos7的网络组实现 / 开普饭

1、路由配置

路由是互联网络的核心，没有路由的网络如同一座孤岛，掌握路由的配置是IT人员的必备技能。

例如：现在有三台主机需要通信，其中A和B在同一网段，C在另一网段，这两个网段有三个路由相隔，如何实现他们之间的通信呢？

主机A:IP=192.168.1.100/24

主机B:IP=192.168.1.63/24

主机C:IP=10.2.110.100/16

R1的接口0:IP=192.168.1.1/24,接口1:IP=110.1.24.10/24

R2的接口0:IP=110.1.24.20/24,接口1:IP=72.98.2.10/16

R3的接口0:IP=72.98.70.20/16,接口1:IP=10.2.0.1/16

通过分析上面的网络环境，可以得到R1,R2和R3的路由信息，这里我们指定每一个路由的静态路由表

R1：路由表

网段网关接口

192.168.1.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 eth0

110.1.24.10/24 0.0.0.0/0 eth1

72.98.0.0/16 110.1.24.20 eth1

10.2.0.0/16　　　110.1.24.20 eth1

0.0.0.0/0 110.1.24.20 eth1

R2：路由表

网段网关接口

192.168.1.0/24 110.1.24.10 eth0

110.1.24.10/24 0.0.0.0/0 eth0

72.98.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0 eth1

10.2.0.0/16 72.98.70.20 eth1

0.0.0.0/0 外网IP(这里不写)

R3：路由表

网段网关接口

192.168.1.0/24 72.98.2.10 eth0

110.1.24.10/24 72.98.2.10 eth0

72.98.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0 eth0

10.2.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0 eth1

0.0.0.0/0 72.98.2.10 eth0

这里用3台centos系统作为路由

用node1主机来做远程桌面route1

[root@node1 ~]# ip addr show dev eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:e2:96:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.1/24 scope global eth1

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee2:967c/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@node1 ~]# ip addr show dev eth2

4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:e2:96:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 110.1.24.10/24 scope global eth2

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee2:9686/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@node1 ~]# route add -net 10.2.0.0/16 gw 110.1.24.20 dev eth2[root@node1 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1

110.1.24.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2

10.2.0.0 110.1.24.20 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2

72.98.0.0 110.1.24.20 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2

10.1.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0

[root@node1 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

note2用来做route2

[root@node2 ~]# ip addr add 110.1.24.20/24 dev eth1[root@node2 ~]# ip addr add 72.98.2.10/16 dev eth2[root@node2 ~]# ip addr show dev eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:00:90:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 110.1.24.20/24 scope global eth1

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe00:9024/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@node2 ~]# ip addr show dev eth2

4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:00:90:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 72.98.2.10/16 scope global eth2

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe00:902e/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@node2 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

110.1.24.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1

72.98.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2

10.1.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1003 0 0 eth1[root@node2 ~]# route add -net 192.168.1.0/24 gw 110.1.24.10 dev eth1[root@node2 ~]# route add -net 10.2.0.0/16 gw 72.98.70.20 dev eth2[root@node2 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.1.0 110.1.24.10 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1

110.1.24.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1

10.2.0.0 72.98.70.20 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2

72.98.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2

10.1.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1003 0 0 eth1

[root@node2 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

note3用来做route3

[root@node3 ~]# ip addr add 72.98.70.20/16 dev eth1[root@node3 ~]# ip addr add 10.2.0.1/16 dev eth2[root@node3 ~]# ip addr show dev eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:47:d8:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 72.98.70.20/16 scope global eth1

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe47:d8e1/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@node3 ~]# ip addr show dev eth2

4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:47:d8:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.2.0.1/16 scope global eth2

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe47:d8eb/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@node3 ~]# route add -net 110.1.24.0/24 gw 72.98.2.10 dev eth1[root@node3 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.1.0 72.98.2.10 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1

110.1.24.0 72.98.2.10 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1

10.2.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2

72.98.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1

10.1.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1003 0 0 eth1

[root@node3 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

主机A:

[root@host1 ~]# ip addr add 192.168.1.100/24 dev eno33554984[root@host1 ~]# ip route add default via 192.168.1.1[root@host1 ~]# ip addr show dev eno33554984

3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:82:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.100/24 scope global eno33554984

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:82a6/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@host1 ~]# route -n

-bash: route: command not found[root@host1 ~]# ip route show

10.1.0.0/16 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.70.171 metric 100

192.168.1.0/24 dev eno33554984 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.100

0.0.0.0 via 192.168.1.1 dev eno33554984

主机B:

[root@host2 ~]# ip addr show dev eno33554984

3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:aa:22:47 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.63/24 scope global eno33554984

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feaa:2247/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@host2 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

10.1.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777736

192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eno33554984

0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eno33554984

主机C:

root@debian:~# ip addr show dev eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:f1:04:08 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.2.110.100/16 scope global eth1

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

root@debian:~# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

10.1.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

10.2.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1

0.0.0.0 10.2.0.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1

root@debian:~#

至此所有配置已经结束,关闭所有主机的网关和selinux

测试:

在主机C上:

root@debian:~# ping -I eth1 192.168.1.1

PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) from 10.2.110.100 eth1: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.691 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=1.17 ms

--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---

2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.691/0.931/1.171/0.240 ms

root@debian:~# ping -I eth1 192.168.1.63

PING 192.168.1.63 (192.168.1.63) from 10.2.110.100 eth1: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.1.63: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=1.22 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.1.63: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.927 ms

--- 192.168.1.63 ping statistics ---

2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.927/1.074/1.221/0.147 ms

root@debian:~# ping -I eth1 192.168.1.100

PING 192.168.1.100 (192.168.1.100) from 10.2.110.100 eth1: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=1.21 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=1.78 ms

--- 192.168.1.100 ping statistics ---

2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.214/1.497/1.780/0.283 ms

root@debian:~#

在主机A上:

[root@host1 ~]# ping -I eno33554984 10.2.110.100

PING 10.2.110.100 (10.2.110.100) from 192.168.1.100 eno33554984: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 10.2.110.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.985 ms

64 bytes from 10.2.110.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=1.09 ms

64 bytes from 10.2.110.100: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=1.89 ms

64 bytes from 10.2.110.100: icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=2.00 ms

--- 10.2.110.100 ping statistics ---

4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3005ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.985/1.493/2.008/0.459 ms[root@host1 ~]#

在主机B上:

[root@host2 ~]# ping -I eno33554984 10.2.110.100

PING 10.2.110.100 (10.2.110.100) from 192.168.1.63 eno33554984: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 10.2.110.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=1.15 ms

64 bytes from 10.2.110.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=1.93 ms

64 bytes from 10.2.110.100: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=0.979 ms

--- 10.2.110.100 ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.979/1.355/1.930/0.412 ms

[root@host2 ~]# ping -I eno33554984 72.98.70.20

PING 72.98.70.20 (72.98.70.20) from 192.168.1.63 eno33554984: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 72.98.70.20: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.751 ms

64 bytes from 72.98.70.20: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.807 ms

64 bytes from 72.98.70.20: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=1.33 ms

--- 72.98.70.20 ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.751/0.964/1.335/0.264 ms[root@host2 ~]# ping -I eno33554984 72.98.70.10 ###不知道为啥ping不通

PING 72.98.70.10 (72.98.70.10) from 192.168.1.63 eno33554984: 56(84) bytes of data.

From 110.1.24.20 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable

From 110.1.24.20 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

From 110.1.24.20 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable

--- 72.98.70.10 ping statistics ---

5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4002ms

pipe 4[root@host2 ~]# ping -I eno33554984 110.1.24.20

PING 110.1.24.20 (110.1.24.20) from 192.168.1.63 eno33554984: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 110.1.24.20: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.556 ms

64 bytes from 110.1.24.20: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=2.15 ms

64 bytes from 110.1.24.20: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.972 ms

--- 110.1.24.20 ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.556/1.228/2.157/0.678 ms[root@host2 ~]# ping -I eno33554984 110.1.24.10

PING 110.1.24.10 (110.1.24.10) from 192.168.1.63 eno33554984: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 110.1.24.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.282 ms

64 bytes from 110.1.24.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.598 ms

64 bytes from 110.1.24.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.367 ms

--- 110.1.24.10 ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.282/0.415/0.598/0.135 ms[root@host2 ~]#

2.centos7的网络组实现

网络组类似于centos6的bond,都是多个网卡使用一个IP,是增强网络健壮性的一个手段

网络组：是将多个网卡聚合在一起方法，从而实现冗错和提高吞吐量

网络组不同于旧版中bonding技术，提供更好的性能和扩展性

网络组由内核驱动和teamd守护进程实现.包名是teamd

启动网络组接口不会自动启动网络组中的port接口
启动网络组接口中的port接口不会自动启动网络组接口
禁用网络组接口会自动禁用网络组中的port接口
没有port接口的网络组接口可以启动静态IP连接
启用DHCP连接时，没有port接口的网络组会等待port接口的加入

具体的runner方式可以查看man 5 teamd.conf帮助

创建网络组接口:

[root@linux ~]# nmcli con add type team con-name test ifname team0 config '{"runner":{"name":"activebackup"}}'

Connection 'test' (5a3bfb26-993f-45ad-add6-246ff419e7bd) successfully added.

此时在网络配置目录下生成了一个文件

[root@linux ~]# ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-test

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-test

[root@linux ~]# nmcli dev show team0

GENERAL.DEVICE: team0

GENERAL.TYPE: team

GENERAL.HWADDR: 82:D0:69:2C:48:6E

GENERAL.MTU: 1500

GENERAL.STATE: 70 (connecting (getting IP configuration))

GENERAL.CONNECTION: test

GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3[root@linux ~]# nmcli con show

NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

eno33554984 fb67dbad-ec81-39b4-42b1-ebf975c3ff13 802-3-ethernet eno33554984

eno16777736 d329fbf7-4423-4a10-b097-20b266c26768 802-3-ethernet eno16777736

eno50332208 d2665055-8e83-58f1-e9e3-49a5fb133641 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 test 5a3bfb26-993f-45ad-add6-246ff419e7bd team team0

给team0设置静态IP和开机自启动

[root@linux ~]# nmcli con mod test ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses "10.1.70.24/16" connection.autoconnect yes[root@linux ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-test

DEVICE=team0

TEAM_CONFIG="{\"runner\":{\"name\":\"activebackup\"}}"

DEVICETYPE=Team

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

NAME=test

UUID=5a3bfb26-993f-45ad-add6-246ff419e7bd

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=10.1.70.24

PREFIX=16

IPV6_PEERDNS=yes

IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes[root@linux ~]#

创建两个port接口

[root@linux ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name test-1 ifname eno33554984 master team0

Connection 'test-1' (234c3e91-d90d-421c-ae88-133deddfce94) successfully added.[root@linux ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name test-2 ifname eno50332208 master team0

Connection 'test-2' (116ef596-d983-456c-a6ae-a74a4f8c03dc) successfully added.[root@linux ~]#

[root@linux ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-test-1

NAME=test-1

UUID=234c3e91-d90d-421c-ae88-133deddfce94

DEVICE=eno33554984

ONBOOT=yes

TEAM_MASTER=team0

DEVICETYPE=TeamPort[root@linux ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-test-2

NAME=test-2

UUID=116ef596-d983-456c-a6ae-a74a4f8c03dc

DEVICE=eno50332208

ONBOOT=yes

TEAM_MASTER=team0

DEVICETYPE=TeamPort

查看网络组状态:

[root@linux ~]# teamdctl team0 stat

setup:

runner: activebackup

runner:

active port:

发现port端口均没有开启

开启port端口

[root@linux ~]# nmcli con up test-1

Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)[root@linux ~]# nmcli con up test-2

Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7)

[root@linux ~]# teamdctl team0 stat

setup:

runner: activebackup

ports:

eno33554984

link watches:

link summary: up

instance[link_watch_0]:

name: ethtool

link: up

down count: 0

eno50332208

link watches:

link summary: up

instance[link_watch_0]:

name: ethtool

link: up

down count: 0

runner:

active port: eno33554984

可以看到端口开启成功

[root@linux ~]# ping -I team0 10.1.70.172

PING 10.1.70.172 (10.1.70.172) from 10.1.70.24 team0: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 10.1.70.172: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.500 ms

64 bytes from 10.1.70.172: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.804 ms

--- 10.1.70.172 ping statistics ---

2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.500/0.652/0.804/0.152 ms[root@linux ~]#

配置成功,可以看到当前活动的是eno33554984,测试禁用后能否成功

[root@linux ~]# nmcli device disconnect eno33554984

Device 'eno33554984' successfully disconnected.[root@linux ~]# ping -I team0 10.1.70.172

PING 10.1.70.172 (10.1.70.172) from 10.1.70.24 team0: 56(84) bytes of data.

测试不成功,通过查找资料了解到当使用activebackup的runner时,必须加上一个参数

[root@linux ~]# nmcli con modify test team.config '{"runner":{"name":"activebackup","hwaddr_policy":"by_active"}}'[root@linux ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-test

DEVICE=team0

TEAM_CONFIG="{\"runner\":{\"name\":\"activebackup\",\"hwaddr_policy\":\"by_active\"}}"

DEVICETYPE=Team

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

NAME=test

UUID=5a3bfb26-993f-45ad-add6-246ff419e7bd

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=10.1.70.24

PREFIX=16

IPV6_PEERDNS=yes

IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

网络的路由配置以及Centos7的网络组实现

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