未来教育是：人格教育和能力教育
美国心理学家Angela Lee Duckworth发现，她最好和最差的学生之间的差异并不仅仅是智商。
有些非常优秀的学生，智商并非特别高；有些非常聪明的学生，学业也并非很好。她表示，IQ绝不是将成功学生和失败学生区分开来的唯一标准。
她提出，有一种性格特征在很大程度上预示了成功，它是毅力（grit）。
下面我们一起看看：
我发现，我最好和最差的学生之间的差异并不仅仅是智商。有些非常优秀的学生智商并非特别得高，有些非常聪明的学生，学业也并非很好。
We partnered with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs? And who's going to earn the most money? In all those very different contexts,one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ. It was grit.
我们和私人公司合作， 预测哪些销售人员能保住工作?谁能赚最多钱? 在这些非常不同的背景下， 我们发现有一个特质 能够很好地预测成功。它不是社交能力。不是美丽的外貌，不是健康的身体，也不是智商。而是意志力。
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. Grit is having stamina. Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make that future a reality. Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
意志力是面对长远目标时的热情和毅力。意志力是有耐力的表现。意志力是日复一日依然对未来坚信不已 不只是这周、 不只是这个月， 而是年复一年。用心、努力工作 来实现所坚信的那个未来。意志力是将生活看作是一场马拉松，不是短跑。
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty. Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent.
我所知道的是，有才华不意味着就有意志力。我们的资料非常清楚地揭示 有很多才华横溢的人并不能坚持到底，实现承诺。事实上，我们的研究发现， 意志力通常与才华无关， 有时甚至成反比。
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called 'growth mindset.' This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response to challenge, they're much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.
关于锻炼孩子们的意志， 到目前为止，我听过的最好的方法 叫做“成长型思维模式”理论。这是史丹福大学的 Carol Dweck 的研究的成果。这个理论相信学习的能力不是一成不变的，它会由于你的努力发生变化。Dweck 博士已证明，当孩子们阅读和学习大脑的相关知识以及大脑在面对挑战时会怎样变化和成长时， 他们更有可能在失败时继续坚持， 因为他们不相信他们永远会失败。
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that's where I'm going to end my remarks, because that's where we are. That's the work that stands before us. We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them. We need to measure whether we've been successful, and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.
所以，成长型思维模式是一种锻炼意志力的好方法。但我们还需要更多这样的理念。而今天我的演讲就到此为止，因为这就是我们当下的认知。这就是摆在我们面前的任务。我们需要拿出我们最好的想法、最强的直觉 对他们进行检验。我们需要衡量我们是否取得了成功，我们必须愿意失败、愿意犯错、愿意吸取教训并从头开始。
In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.
换句话说，在加强我们孩子意志力这件事上， 我们自己也要有不懈的意志。