初中英语时态复习资料大全4
形容词和副词
I. 要点
A. 形容词
1、 形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：
He ishonest and hardworking.
I foundthe book interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：
Therich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
TheEnglish like to be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如： the second fiveinteresting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容词比较等级的形式
(1) 规则形式
一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-moreimportant-(the)most important
(2) 不规则形式
good(well)-better-best
bad(ill)-worse-worst
many(much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3) 形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：
He is clevererthan the other boys.
Thisone is more beautiful than that one.
②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …"如：
He isthe cleverest boy in his class.
③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如：
He isas tall as I.
I haveas many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如：Themore I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ Youcan never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如：Youcan never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥ Ihave never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我担心的一天。
I havenever had a better dinner.
这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦ MyEnglish is no better than yours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
B.副词
1、 副词的种类
(1) 时间副词 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally,tomorrow等
(2) 地点副词 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back,away, outside等。
(3) 方式副词 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly,politely, nervously等。
(4) 程度副词 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little,hardly, so, very等。
2、 副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：
Of allthe boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We mustwork harder.
3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
(1)already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：
We'vealready watched that film.
Ihaven't finished my homework yet.
Hestill works until late every night.
(2)too, as well, also, either
too, aswell和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.
Hedidn't go there either.
I likeyou as well.
I alsowent there.
(3)hard, hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：
I workhard every day.
I canhardly remember that.
(4)late, lately
lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：
Henever comes late.
Haveyou been to the museum lately?
例1Tom's father thinks he is already ____
A highenough B tall enough
Cenough high C enoughtall
解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。
例2 ____the worse I seem to be.
A WhenI take more medicine
B Themore medicine I take
CTaking more of the medicine
D Moremedicine taken
解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。
例3"Ihaven't been to London yet".
"Ihaven't been there ____".
A too B also C either D neither
解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。
例4 MrSmith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply
解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。
(二) 介词
I. 要点
1、介词和种类
(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about,across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with,because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for,belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with,different from, good at
(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to,reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right,just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：
Hecame right after dinner.
Helives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
(1)at, on, in(表时间)
表示时间点用at,如atfour o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如atthat time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on,如on Monday, on theend of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如onFriday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如inthe afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2)between, among(表位置)
between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如
I'msitting between Tom and Alice.
Thevillage lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：
He isthe best among the students.
(3)beside, besides
beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：
Hesat beside me.
Whatdo you want besides this?
(4)inthe tree, on the tree
inthe tree 指动物或人在树上，而onthe tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
(5)onthe way, in the way, by the way, in this way
onthe way 指在路上 in theway 指挡道
bythe way 指顺便问一句 inthis way 用这样的方法
(6)inthe corner, at the corner
inthe corner 指在拐角内 atthe corner 指在拐角外
(7)inthe morning, on the morning
inthe morning 是一般说法on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)bybus, on the bus
bybus 是一般说法 on thebus 特指乘某一辆车
II. 例题
例1 Doyou know any other foreign language____ English?
Aexcept B but C beside D besides
解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？
例2 Hesuddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A onB at C in D during
解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。
例3I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A toB in C at D on
解析：该题正确答案为A。lookforward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。
(三) 连词
I. 要点
1、 连词的种类
(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。
2、 常用连词举例
(1)and 和，并且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因为
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而，可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided togo
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否则
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 虽然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因为
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非，如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 当…时候，而 (表示对比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend ofmine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因为
He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
(18)since自从…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 来说
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II. 例题
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B。
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I wastalking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to businessright away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。
(四)动词时态、语态
I. 要点
1、 一般现在时
(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always,continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：It happened many yearsago.
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以give为例。
时／式 一般 进行 完成
现在 am is givenare am is beingare has beengiven have
过去 was givenwere was beinggiven were had been given
将来 shall be given will shall have been given will
过去将来 should be given would should have been given would
II.例题 例1 I learned that her father____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D isdead
解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。
例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
(五)动词虚拟语气
I. 要点
表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
1、 虚拟语气的构成
注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
2、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
(1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) ＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。
句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.
It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
(2) 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order,command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
(3) 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
(4) 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.
(5) 在Itis time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或
"should ＋动词原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
II. 例题
例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.
A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay
解析：该题正确答案为D。hadhoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气
例2 "Mary wants to see you today".
"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
A comes B came C should come D will come
解析：该题正确答案为B。wouldrather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。
例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.
A had done B might have done C might do D would do
解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为B