英语定语从句的用法大全（二）

在上一篇文章“英语定语从句的用法大全（一）”里，我跟大家分享了定语从句的定义、两个概念、分类以及关系代词中的that的用法，今天继续分享其他关系代词的用法，即which、who、whom和whose的用法。

四、关系代词

（二）which的用法

which用来引导定语从句时，其先行词都是表物的。如：

• 非限定性定语从句：He sent me five books, which helped me a lot in my English exam.

• 限定性定语从句：This is the ship which I travelled on two months ago.

第一句中的which helped me a lot in my Englsh exam作为five books的非限定性定语从句，补充说明了这五本书对我英语考试的帮助。

第二句中的which I travelled on two months ago作为the ship的限定性定语从句，特指这艘轮船是我两个月前乘坐的那艘。

【注意】

1、当which在从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。比如上面的限定性定语从句中的which就可以省略，即：

• This is the ship I travelled on two months ago.

但是，当which前面有介词时，就不能省略。比如上面这句话就可以改为：

• This is the ship on which I travelled two months ago.

2、as与which的区别

as和which都可以用来引导定语从句，而且可以指代整个主句。但是，两者在用法上存在一定差别。

1）两者都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

• They love each other, as/which is natural.

• He doesn't like it, as/which we can see.

2）as有“正如或正像”的意思，其引导的非限制性定语从句，位置可在句首、句末或句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。如：

• As is known to all, man cannot live without air. / Man cannot live without air, as is known to all. / Man, as is known to all, cannot live without air.

• It is said that he can type 200 words within one minute, which I don't believe.

3）当主从句是因果关系时，一般都用which。如：

• He is always complaining about everyting, which annoys everyone around him.

4）如果先行词中含有such或the same时，则用as。如：

• He is not such a fool as he looks.

• This is the same book as she lost yesterday.

需要注意的是：当先行词含有the same时，偶尔也用that来引导定语从句，这时与as引导的定语从句意思是不一样的。如：

• She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. （她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。）

• She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. （她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。）

（三）who

who主要用在当先行词表人的情况下，一般在从句中充当主语，但有时也可以作宾语，相当于whom。如：

• He's the man who bought these books just now.

• The man who I served was wearing a hat.

第一句中的who在从句中作bought的主语，而第二句中的who则作served的宾语。

需要注意的是，当介词位于定语从句的句首时，就不能用who，而要用whom。如：

• She is the girl about whom the man talked at the meeting an hour ago.

who也可以用来引导非限定性定语从句。如：

• The manager, who comes from Japan, told me to help you with your project.

（四）whom

whom主要用在当先行词表人的情况下，在从句中充当动词或介词的宾语。如：

• The boy whom you met on the street just now is one of cousins.

• He is the man from whom you ought to ask for help.

whom也可以用来引导非限定性定语从句。如：

• The soldiers, some of whom come from Alaska, will be sent to Iraq next week.

（五）whose

whose是所有格形式，所以在引导定语从句时，后面会紧跟一个名词。其先行词既可能是人，也可能是物。如：

• The boy whose father is a professor studies very hard.

• Are there any rooms whose windows face the sea?

whose也可以用来引导非限定性定语从句。如：

• I decided to write about Chaplin, whose films are still very popular among a large audience.