【综合体验】“少即是多
“少即是多-包豪斯钢管椅”综合体验——纪念2019年包豪斯100周年
“Less is More-the Bauhaus Tubular Steel Chairs” Comprehensive Experience—to Commemorate the 100th Anniversary of Bauhaus in 2019.
【活动时间】5月18日-8月18日
【体验场次】
【上午】9:30-10:20 ; 10:40-11:30
【下午】13:30-14:20; 14:40-15:30
【地点】中国美术学院中国国际设计博物馆大厅
【活动介绍】作为现代设计的先驱,一百年来“包豪斯”成为一个历久弥新的话题。其中,包豪斯的设计强调功能至上,通过艺术和新兴技术的结合,设计出适应现代工业生产和人们生活需要的产品,成为新的美学创造。以密斯·凡·德·罗、马塞尔·布劳耶等设计师为主导设计的一批钢管椅子,充分体现了“少即是多”的设计理念,成为大家熟悉的包豪斯风格代表作。2019年5月18日国际博物馆日,中国美术学院中国国际设计博物馆将举行包豪斯风格作品藏品级别的椅子体验活动,从功能、材料,艺术与技术,人体工学等角度出发,向广大爱好者提供零距离的体验经典设计的机会。每次体验人数有限,欢迎大家现场登记预约。
【系列椅子介绍】
设计师:密斯·凡·德·罗
Designer:Mies van der Rohe
▲MR10钢管边椅(MR10 Tubular Steel Side Chair)
▲MR休闲扶手椅(MR Lounge Armchair)
1927年,路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗(Ludwig Mies van der Rohe)为德国斯图加特的魏森霍夫展览(Weissenhof exhibit)设计了“MR椅子”。在材料的使用方面,椅子的悬臂式设计使用钢管;在技术创新方面,创造了一个直观的并且符合人体工程学的座位。(有人问密斯·凡·德·罗为什么要设计座椅尺寸如此之大的椅子,据说他回答说,这样设计的椅子坐起来最舒服。)扶手椅仍然按照他的规格制作,非常平衡,使用创新材料,减少装饰,体现国际风格。这件作品在1977年获现代艺术博物馆奖、1978年获斯图加特设计中心奖。
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s MR Chair was designed in 1927 as part of his contribution to the Weissenhof exhibit in Stuttgart, Germany. The chair’s cantilevered design uses tubular steel, then a technological novelty, to create an intuitively accessible and ergonomic seat. (When asked why he created chairs with generously sized seats, Mies van der Rohe allegedly replied that he designs chairs he’d be most comfortable sitting in.) The MR armchair, still made to his specifications, is perfectly balanced, featuring the material innovation and lack of ornamentation that epitomize the International Style. It was awarded the Museum of Modern Art Award in 1977 and the Design Center Stuttgart Award in 1978.
设计师:马塞尔·布劳耶
Designer:Marcel Breuer
▲瓦西里椅(Wassily Chair)
瓦西里椅子所用的名字不是别人的,而是画家瓦西里·康定斯基(Wassily Kandinsky)。这把椅子由诺尔国际公司制作,它起源于包豪斯,当时康定斯基在这所著名学府任教。瓦西里椅由艺术家兼设计师马塞尔·布劳耶于1926年设计,康定斯基对布劳耶的皮革和管状钢制椅子的设计十分着迷,以至于在这种椅子进入批量生产之前,他在德绍大师住宅综合楼特别制作了一张样椅。大家都称它为“瓦西里的椅子”。据传闻,马塞尔·布劳耶的灵感来自于弯曲的钢管自行车车把——他决定使用同样的材料——从而使其能够容易和稳定地成型,用于家具制造。因此,瓦西里椅是第一件钢管家具。不同寻常的结构主义框架是设计的核心元素,它的静力学,包括运用皮带的张力创造靠背和座椅的方式,在这里从根本上显露出来,并赋予椅子独特的美学品质。由于它严谨正式的形式语言,瓦西里椅取得了巨大的成功,以至于在很短的时间内,市场上发现了许多仿制品。因此,一种新型的流行家具——钢管椅诞生了。马塞尔·布劳耶又将其大大扩展和丰富。由于其在设计历史上的独特重要性,最初包豪斯版本的椅子现在已经成为所有相关设计博物馆收藏品的永久收藏品,并且仍然是经典设计的教科书式范例。
The Wassily Chair owes its name to none other than the painter Wassily Kandinsky. Produced by KnollInternational the chair originated at the Bauhaus school at a time when Kandinsky taught at the renowned institution. Designed by the artist and designer Marcel Breuer in 1926, Kandinsky was so taken with the design of Breuer's leather and tubular steel chair that he had an example produced especially for his apartment in the Dessau Master House complex, and that before the chair entered series production - hence everyone referred to it as 'Wassily's Chair'. According to legend, Marcel Breuer was inspired by his bent tubular steel bicycle handlebars - and decided to use the same material - and thus its ability to be easily and stably formed - for furniture manufacturing. The Wassily Chair was thus the first piece of tubular steel furniture. The unusual constructivist frame is a central element of the design and its statics, including the way in which the tension of the leather straps create a backrest and seat, are here radically exposed and bequeath the chair its unique aesthetic quality. Contrary to Breuer's expectations the Wassily Chair became a great success, largely on account of its rigorous formal language, and within a very short time many copies were to be found on the market - and thus a new type of popular furniture was born: the tubular steel chair, a genre to which Marcel Breuer was to greatly expand and enrich. On account of its unique importance in the history of design the original Bauhaus chair has now found its way into the permanent collections of all relevant design museum collections, and remains a textbook example of timeless design with mundane touch.
▲S285钢管写字桌(S285 Tubular Steel Desk)
1935年,马塞尔·布劳耶(Marcel Breuer)设计了这件杰作,它干净的线条和均衡的比例,不仅是家具历史上的经典,而且每一个细节都与今天的设计息息相关。优雅、连续的钢管框架与木质存储元素的组合形成了令人愉悦的对比。抽屉和桌面如此固定在桌子框架内,因此它们似乎漂浮着,这赋予包豪斯家具一种特殊的和谐。
Marcel Breuer designed the masterpiece in 1935, yet with its clean lines and balanced proportions the desk is not only a classic of furniture history, but every bit as relevant today as ever. The combination of the elegant, continuous, tubular steel frame and the storage elements made of wood form an exciting contrast. The drawers and the table top are so set into the table frame that they seem to float, which bequeaths the Bauhaus furniture a particular harmony.
▲S32悬臂椅(S32 Cantilever Chair)
▲S64悬臂椅(S64 Cantilever Chair)
悬臂椅子在家具设计史上具有里程碑意义。悬臂椅被公认为是马特·斯塔姆(Mart Stam)的作品。马塞尔·布劳耶(Marcel Breuer)也参与了这种前卫的包豪斯时代的椅子流派。1925年,布劳耶发明了弯曲钢管瓦西里椅(B3),但直到1927年,马特·斯塔姆(Mart Stam)和路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗(Ludwig Mies van der Rohe)在斯图加特的魏森霍夫住宅展览上展示他们的悬臂椅时,才首次向公众展示了这种悬臂形式。1928年,布劳耶展示了他的版本——没有扶手的S32和有扶手的S64,自1929/30年以来一直生产,也被称为切斯卡(Cesca)椅子。和它同系列的椅子一样,S32是由其弯曲的钢管框架定型的,这种结构否定了传统的四脚结构的需要,并赋予了椅子漂浮的特性。然而,与该流派的其他样式相反,布劳耶在他的S32 / S64中使用柳条装饰座椅和靠背,这种材料曾装饰过托内特著名的咖啡馆椅子,从而在托内特的历史上创造了传统与现代之间的联系。
The cantilever chair represents a milestone in the history of furniture design. Officially recognised as being the work of Mart Stam, Marcel Breuer can also lay claim to having been involved in the development of this free-swinging Bauhaus era chair genre. In 1925 Breuer developed his bent steel tube Wassily Chair B3, it was however not until 1927 when Mart Stam and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe presented their cantilever chairs as part of the Weissenhof Estate exhibition in Stuttgart that the cantilever form was first presented to the public. In 1928 Breuer then presented his version, a chair since that has been produced since 1929/30 as the Thonet S32 without armrests or S64 with armrests, a chair also known as the Cesca chair. As with its relatives the Thonet S 32 is defined by its curved tubular steel frame, a construction which negates the need for a conventional four-leg construction and which gives the chair the its floating character. In contrast to other examples of the genre however, for his S32 / S64 Breuer used wickerwork for the seat and back, a material that once adorned Thonet's famous coffee house chair, thus creating a link between tradition and modernity in the Thonet history.
设计师:马特·斯塔姆
Designer:Mart Stam
▲S33悬臂椅(S33 cantilever chair )
▲S34悬臂椅(S34 cantilever chair )
立方体的形式,清晰的设计,精细的比例和弯曲的运动感:悬臂椅S33和S34的发展与成熟,是同类产品中最早的,在当时结合了时代精神和传统感。1927年,艺术家库尔特·施维特(Kurt Schwitters)在看到家具史上第一张悬臂椅子后写道:“两条腿就够了,为什么还要四条腿呢?”。这两把椅子——S33和S34,在斯图加特魏森霍夫住宅的制造联盟展览上引起了轰动。从1925年开始,马特·斯塔姆就开始试验小直径煤气管道,起初他用水管工使用的标准管件连接这些管道。进一步的发展之后,斯塔姆创造了不再用四条腿站立的悬臂椅,这成为一个制造钢管椅的原则,其在钢管椅的形式上的限制成为现代家具设计历史上的一个重要的基石。他的悬臂式椅子S33和S34不仅仅是作为室内设计产品的一部分,它们是对建筑和生活的新态度的整体革命性概念的一部分。
Cubic form, clear design, fine proportions, and flexing movement: The development of the perfected cantilever chairs S33 and S34, among the first of their kind, today combines spirit of the age and a sense of tradition. “Why four legs if two will suffice?”, wrote artist Kurt Schwitters in 1927 after seeing the first cantilever chairs in furniture history. The two chairs S33 and S34 caused a sensation at the manufacturing alliance exhibit at the Weissenhof Estate in Stuttgart. Starting in 1925, Mart Stam experimented with small diameter gas pipes, and at first he connected them with standard pipe fittings as used by plumbers. As a further development, Stam created cantilevered chairs that no longer stood on four legs, and it was a construction principle that became an important building block in the history of modern furniture design with its formal restraint. His cantilever chairs S33 and S34 were more than matter-of-fact designed interior design objects; they were part of the overall revolutionary concept of a new attitude towards architecture and life.
【总策划】杭 间 袁由敏
【Chief Director】 Hang Jian, Yuan Youmin
【策 划】刘一蓝
【Director】Liu Yilan
【研究支持】张春艳
【Research Supporter】Zhang Chunyan
【出版支持】王 洋
【Publication Supporter】Wang Yang
【展览支持】胡 佳 高 原
【Exhibition Supporter】Hu Jia, Gao Yuan,
【典藏支持】高米叶
【Collection Supporter】Gao Miye
【公共教育】刘一蓝
【Public Education】Liu Yilan
【行政协调】王剑红 王 娜 马 颖
【Administrative Coordination】Wang Jianhong, Wang Na, Ma ying
【视觉设计】江 航
【Visual Design】Jiang Hang
【展品摄影】孟庆伟
【Photographer】Cheng Chi, Meng Qingwei, Wu Ruozheng
【志 愿 者】吴 桐 杨晓斌 徐 娣 范影青 赵孟希 沈小琛 唐 暄 俞峙彤 王梦佳 龙 芮 彭子洵 王雨露 李怡君 王梦婷 钟凯悦
【Volunteer】Wu Tong, Yang Xiaobin, Xu Di, Fan Yingqing, Zhao Mengxi, Tang Xuan, Shen Xiaochen, Yu Zhitong, Wang Mengjia, Long Rui, Peng Zixun, Wang Yulu, Li Yijun, Wang Mengting, Zhong Kaiyue.
【主 办】中国美术学院中国国际设计博物馆
【Sponsor】China Design Museum of CAA
【协 办】中国美术学院包豪斯研究院
【Co-sponsor】Bauhaus Institute of CAA
【Public Support】C Foundation
【合作支持】上海布科文化艺术有限公司
【Cooperation Support】Bookart Trade Co., Ltd
【地 点】中国美术学院(象山中心校区)中国国际设计博物馆
【Location】China Design Museum of CAA(Xiang Shan district)
中国国际设计博物馆位于中国美术学院象山校区(杭州西湖区转塘镇),毗邻即将投入使用的杭州地铁6号线象山站出口,建筑整体呈现三角形布局,外观主色及材料为印度红色阿格拉砂岩辅以米白色大理石,是西扎现代主义建筑风格和美学典型体现。总建筑面积为1.68万平方米,其中展厅面积6300平方米,库房面积4500平方米,公共教育空间3000平方米,研究空间约1200平方米。配套设施等约2000平方米,博物馆功能齐全,除展厅外,还拥有文献中心、驻馆设计师工作室、儿童工坊、多功能厅、报告厅、设计品商店、咖啡馆/餐厅和屋顶花园及规划中的设计书店等。
中国国际设计博物馆的使命,是以建设国际一流设计博物馆作为目标,通过馆藏作品,推出研究性的近现代设计作品展览,揭示设计与生活、艺术、社会、科技发展等的关系;通过教育互动,促进公众对物质文化变迁意义的了解,从而激发本土制造的创造特质,并建立中国的设计价值与产业发展的观察体系;同时,依托中国美术学院的学术资源,系统策划跨界其他的中外当代重要设计师的设计作品展览,追踪当代设计前沿,致力当代文化消费的观念更新,推动文化创意产业的发展,服务全社会的公共文化服务体系。
编辑 | 刘一蓝
审校 | 王 洋 张春艳 高 原