二级制方法搭建k8s集群

1 准备工作

1.1 服务器或虚拟机

操作系统：
    CentOS7
内核： 

三台或更多节点及其地址
master：
192.168.2.20  kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd

node1：
192.168.2.21  kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，flannel，etcd

node2：
192.168.2.21  kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，flannel，etcd

1.2 修改主机名 ( 所有节点操作 )

master:

hostnamectl set-hostname master

node1:

hostnamectl set-hostname node1

node2:

hostnamectl set-hostname node2

如果命令失败， 直接修改 /etc/hostname, 重启后生效

hostname # 可查看是否修改成功

1.3 关闭防火强 ( 所有节点操作 )

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

所有节点相同操作可使用同时发送到所有会话

1.4 关闭selinux ( 所有节点操作 )

setenforce 0 # 临时关闭
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config # 永久关闭

1.5 关闭swap ( 所有节点操作 )

swapoff -a # 临时关闭；关闭swap主要是为了性能考虑
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

free # 可以通过这个命令查看swap是否关闭了

1.6 同步时间 ( 所有节点操作 )

yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

1.7 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链 ( 所有节点操作 )

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

# 加载配置文件
sysctl --system

1.8 添加主机名与IP对应的关系 ( master操作 )

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.2.20 master
192.168.2.21 node1
192.168.2.22 node2
EOF

2 cfssl证书 (master操作)

2.1 下载文件

# 安装wget
yum -y install wget
# 下载cfssl工具：
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
# 添加执行权限
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
# 移动配置文件
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

若wget失败验证失败， 加 --no-check-certificate参数可解决

2.2 创建配置文件

创建以下三个文件：

1. ca-config.json
2. ca-csr.json
3. server-csr.json

mkdir ssl #创建一个目录来存放配置文件
cd ssl

ca-config.json

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  'signing': {
    'default': {
      'expiry': '87600h'
    },
    'profiles': {
      'www': {
         'expiry': '87600h',
         'usages': [
            'signing',
            'key encipherment',
            'server auth',
            'client auth'
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

ca-csr.json

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    'CN': 'etcd CA',
    'key': {
        'algo': 'rsa',
        'size': 2048
    },
    'names': [
        {
            'C': 'CN',
            'L': 'Beijing',
            'ST': 'Beijing'
        }
    ]
}
EOF

server-csr.json

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    'CN': 'etcd',
    'hosts': [
    '192.168.2.20',
    '192.168.2.21',
    '192.168.2.22'
    ],
    'key': {
        'algo': 'rsa',
        'size': 2048
    },
    'names': [
        {
            'C': 'CN',
            'L': 'BeiJing',
            'ST': 'BeiJing'
        }
    ]
}
EOF

etcd集群的ip地址
“hosts”:
“192.168.2.20”,
“192.168.2.21”,
“192.168.2.22”

2.3 生成证书

#生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
>>>
2021/09/25 23:56:21 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a 'hosts' field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ('Information Requirements').

ls *pem
ca-key.pem  ca.pem  server-key.pem  server.pem
#四个.pem文件证书

3 部署etcd

3.1 下载二进制包 ( master操作 )

#二进制包下载地址：
https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.2.12/etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz

3.2 解压二进制包 ( master操作 )

以下部署步骤在三个etcd节点操作一样，唯一不同的是etcd配置文件中的服务器IP要写当前本机的， 所以我们在master节点上配置，然后将配置文件复制到node节点上在修改名称和IP，这样方便一点。

# 解压二进制包：
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

• /opt/etcd/bin 里面存放的是可执行文件 etcd 、 etcdctl

• /opt/etcd/cfg 里面存放的是配置文件 etcd.conf

• /opt/etcd/ssl 里面存放的是证书ca-key.pem 、 ca.pem 、server-key.pem 、server.pem

3.3 配置etcd.conf ( master操作 )

#创建etcd.conf配置文件：
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME='etcd01'
ETCD_DATA_DIR='/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd'
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS='https://192.168.2.20:2380'
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS='https://192.168.2.20:2379'
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS='https://192.168.2.20:2380'
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS='https://192.168.2.20:2379'
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER='etcd01=https://192.168.2.20:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.2.21:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.2.22:2380'
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN='etcd-cluster'
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE='new'
EOF

• ETCD_NAME 节点名称 （master 是etcd01 node1是etcd02 node2是etcd03）

• ETCD_DATA_DIR 数据目录 （不用修改）
• ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS 集群通信监听地址 （修改为本机ip）
• ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS 客户端访问监听地址 （修改为本机ip）
• ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS 集群通告地址 （修改为本机ip）
• ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS 客户端通告地址 （修改为本机ip）
• ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER 集群节点地址 （跟上面节点名称要一一对应）
• ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN 集群Token
• ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE （加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群，因为我们是新创建的所以设置为new，否则用existing）

3.4 配置etcd.service ( master操作 )

三个节点相同

# systemd管理etcd：（方便使用systemctl启动，而不是用一长串的绝对路径启动）
rm -f /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd --name=${ETCD_NAME} --data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} --listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} --listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 --advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} --initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} --initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} --initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} --initial-cluster-state=new --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --enable-v2

Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

\ 为换行连接符，不可省略

3.5 拷贝证书 ( master操作 )

# 把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的位置：（对应上面systemd管理中的路径）
cp ~/ssl/ca*pem ~/ssl/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

3.6 将文件复制到node节点 ( master操作 )

主要有两个部分文件需要复制

• /opt/etcd/ 下面的文件

# 因为证书我们是在master上配置的，所以我们需要拷贝给所有node
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.2.21:/opt/ # 发送到node1
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.2.22:/opt/ # 发送到node2

• /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 文件

scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.2.21:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.2.22:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

传送完成检查node节点上文件是否存在

3.7 修改node节点etcd.conf 中的名称和IP

• node1 操作

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd<< EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME='etcd02'
ETCD_DATA_DIR='/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd'
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS='https://192.168.2.21:2380'
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS='https://192.168.2.21:2379'
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS='https://192.168.2.21:2380'
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS='https://192.168.2.21:2379'
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER='etcd01=https://192.168.2.20:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.2.21:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.2.22:2380'
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN='etcd-cluster'
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE='new'
EOF

修改ETCD_NAME 和IP

• node2 操作

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd<< EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME='etcd03'
ETCD_DATA_DIR='/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd'
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS='https://192.168.2.22:2380'
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS='https://192.168.2.22:2379'
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS='https://192.168.2.22:2380'
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS='https://192.168.2.22:2379'
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER='etcd01=https://192.168.2.20:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.2.21:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.2.22:2380'
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN='etcd-cluster'
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE='new'
EOF

3.8 启动并设置开启启动：

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

3.9 检查etcd集群状态：

# 移动命令路径
cp /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl /bin
# 配置etcdctl 3 环境变量
export ETCDCTL_API=3

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints='https://192.168.2.20:2379,https://192.168.2.21:2379,https://192.168.2.22:2379' endpoint status --write-out=table

>>>
+---------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
|         ENDPOINT          |        ID        | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS |
+---------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
| https://192.168.2.20:2379 | 3ae8ea54109f8cad |  3.4.14 |   20 kB |      true |      false |        61 |         16 |                 16 |        |
| https://192.168.2.21:2379 | cb408b517db6d952 |  3.4.14 |   20 kB |     false |      false |        61 |         16 |                 16 |        |
| https://192.168.2.22:2379 | eca9a4bbb09d42e4 |  3.4.14 |   20 kB |     false |      false |        61 |         16 |                 16 |        |
/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints='https://192.168.2.20:2379,https://192.168.2.21:2379,https://192.168.2.22:2379' endpoint health
# 用 etcd2 重新配置后查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=2 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints='https://192.168.2.20:2379,https://192.168.2.21:2379,https://192.168.2.22:2379' cluster-health
# 重新配置子网 删除原来的配置
/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints='https://192.168.2.20:2379,https://192.168.2.21:2379,https://192.168.2.22:2379'   del /coreos.com/network/config
# 重新配置
ETCDCTL_API=2 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints='https://192.168.2.20:2379,https://192.168.2.21:2379,https://192.168.2.22:2379' set /coreos.com/network/config '{ 'Network': '172.17.0.0/16', 'Backend': {'Type': 'vxlan'}}'

4 在work node节点上安装docker

4.1 node1 node2安装docker

# 安装依赖库
yum install -y yum-utils
# 安装docker仓库
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# 国外的仓库很慢，可以使用国内的镜像快一点
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 安装docker
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

4.2 systemd 管理 docker

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 启动
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

5 kube-apiserver （master操作）

5.1 生成 kube-apiserver 需要的配置文件

cd TLS/k8s
#保存 ca-config.json  ca-csr.json server-csr.json

• 配置 ca-config.json

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  'signing': {
    'default': {
      'expiry': '87600h'
    },
    'profiles': {
      'kubernetes': {
         'expiry': '87600h',
         'usages': [
            'signing',
            'key encipherment',
            'server auth',
            'client auth'
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

• 配置 cca-csr.json

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    'CN': 'kubernetes',
    'key': {
        'algo': 'rsa',
        'size': 2048
    },
    'names': [
        {
            'C': 'CN',
            'L': 'Beijing',
            'ST': 'Beijing',
            'O': 'k8s',
            'OU': 'System'
        }
    ]
}
EOF

• 配置 server-csr.json

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    'CN': 'kubernetes',
    'hosts': [
      '10.0.0.1',
      '127.0.0.1',
      '192.168.2.20',
      '192.168.2.21',
      '192.168.2.22',
      'kubernetes',
      'kubernetes.default',
      'kubernetes.default.svc',
      'kubernetes.default.svc.cluster',
      'kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local'
    ],
    'key': {
        'algo': 'rsa',
        'size': 2048
    },
    'names': [
        {
            'C': 'CN',
            'L': 'BeiJing',
            'ST': 'BeiJing',
            'O': 'k8s',
            'OU': 'System'
        }
    ]
}
EOF

5.2 生成证书

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

ls server*pem
# 拷贝证书
cp ~/k8s/ca*pem ~/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

5.2 部署 kube apiserver

下载kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz，包含了所需的所有组件

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG- 1.20.1.md#v1183

解压

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
# 拷贝
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

5.3 配置kube-apiserver.conf

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS='--logtostderr=false \--v=2 \--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \--etcd-servers=https://192.168.2.20:2379,https://192.168.2.21:2379,https://192.168.2.22:2379 \--bind-address=192.168.2.20 \--secure-port=6443 \--advertise-address=192.168.2.20 \--allow-privileged=true \--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \--audit-log-maxage=30 \--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \--audit-log-maxsize=100 \--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log'
EOF

上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用 EOF 保留换 行符。

• logtostderr：启用日志
• v：日志等级
• log-dir：日志目录
• etcd-servers：etcd 集群地址
• bind-address：监听地址
• secure-port：https 安全端口
• advertise-address：集群通告地址
• allow-privileged：启用授权
• service-cluster-ip-range：Service 虚拟 IP 地址段
• enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
• authorization-mode：认证授权，启用 RBAC 授权和节点自管理
• enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用 TLS bootstrap 机制
• token-auth-file：bootstrap token 文件
• service-node-port-range：Service nodeport 类型默认分配端口范围
• kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver 访问 kubelet 客户端证书
• tls-xxx-file：apiserver https 证书
• etcd-xxxfile：连接 Etcd 集群证书
• audit-log-xxx：审计日志

5.4 配置token.csv

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,'system:node-bootstrapper'
EOF

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
a266c491e557753ef5d43e467c600d10

cat >> /etc/profile<< EOF
export KUBERNETES_MASTER='127.0.0.1:8080'
EOF
保存退出
source /etc/profile
刷新环境变量

5.5 配置kube-apiserver.service

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5.6 设置自启动与启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
>>>
kube-apiserver.service - Kubernetes API Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-27 01:25:36 EDT; 48s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 10945 (kube-apiserver)
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-apiserver.service
           └─10945 /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver --logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --etcd-servers=https://192.168.2.20:2379.

5.7 授权 kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

6 部署 kube-controller-manager（master操作）

6.1 配置kube-controller-manager.conf

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS='--logtostderr=false \--v=2 \--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \--leader-elect=true \--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \--allocate-node-cidrs=true \--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s'
EOF

6.2 systemd 管理 controller-manager

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

6.3 设置kube-controller-manager的自启动并启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
>>>
● kube-controller-manager.service - Kubernetes Controller Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-27 01:33:06 EDT; 137ms ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 11011 (kube-controller)
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-controller-manager.service
           └─11011 /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager --logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --leader-elect=true --master=12...

Sep 27 01:33:06 master systemd[1]: Started Kubernetes Controller Manager.

7 部署 kube-scheduler（master操作）

7.1 配置kube-scheduler.conf

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS='--logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --leader-elect --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --bind-address=127.0.0.1'
EOF

7.2 配置 kube-scheduler.service

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

7.3 kube-scheduler自启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
>>>
● kube-scheduler.service - Kubernetes Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-27 01:36:04 EDT; 123ms ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 11065 (kube-scheduler)
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-scheduler.service
           └─11065 /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler --logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --leader-elect --master=127.0.0.1:8080 -...
Sep 27 01:36:04 master systemd[1]: Started Kubernetes Scheduler.

7.4 查看集群状态

master节点的组件已经部署完成，查看状态

[root@master ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE              ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok
scheduler            Healthy   ok
etcd-1               Healthy   {'health': 'true'}
etcd-0               Healthy   {'health': 'true'}
etcd-2               Healthy   {'health': 'true'}

8 部署work node 的组件

这里我们在master上也部署node的组件，打上污点不使用，不影响

8.1 拷贝文件

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
# 从master拷贝需要的文件
scp -r root@192.168.2.20:/root/kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet  /opt/kubernetes/bin
scp -r root@192.168.2.20:/root/kubernetes/server/bin/kube-proxy  /opt/kubernetes/bin
scp -r root@192.168.2.20:/root/kubernetes/server/bin/kubectl  /usr/bin/
scp -r root@192.168.2.20:/opt/kubernetes/ssl  /opt/kubernetes

8.2 配置kubelet.conf

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS='--logtostderr=tr \--v=2 \--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \--hostname-override=node1 \--network-plugin=cni \--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0'
EOF

• hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
• network-plugin：启用CNI
• kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
• bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
• config：配置参数文件
• cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
• pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像

8.3 配置kubelet-config.yml

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.2.21
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

8.4 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件

KUBE_APISERVER='https://192.168.2.20:6443' # apiserver IP:PORT ?
TOKEN='c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940' # 与token.csv里保持一致

8.5 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes   --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem   --embed-certs=true   --server=${KUBE_APISERVER}   --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials 'kubelet-bootstrap'   --token=${TOKEN}   --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default   --cluster=kubernetes   --user='kubelet-bootstrap'   --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 拷贝
mv bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg

8.6 systemd管理kubelet.service

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

8.7 kubelet 启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enabel kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
>>>
● kubelet.service - Kubernetes Kubelet
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-27 02:26:01 EDT; 1min 18s ago
 Main PID: 26821 (kubelet)
   CGroup: /system.slice/kubelet.service
           └─26821 /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet --logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --hostname-override=m1 --network-plugin=cni ..
Sep 27 02:26:01 node1 systemd[1]: Started Kubernetes Kubelet.

8.8 批准加入集群 （master操作）

# 查看kubelet证书请求
[root@master bin]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE    SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-JZLQ2x99c69eRpOjkzoxoDYi3NGF0t5PXEu8AQhkr8M   3m5s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

# 批准请求
[root@master bin]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-JZLQ2x99c69eRpOjkzoxoDYi3NGF0t5PXEu8AQhkr8M
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-JZLQ2x99c69eRpOjkzoxoDYi3NGF0t5PXEu8AQhkr8M approved

# 查看节点
kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   NotReady    <none>   24m   v1.18.2

9 部署kube-proxy

9.1 kube-proxy.conf

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS='--logtostderr=false \--v=2 \--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml'
EOF

9.2 kube-proxy-config.yml

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: m1
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

9.3 生成证书 (master操作)

# 因为cfssl安装在master上， 在master上生成证书发到nodo上
cd /root/k8s
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  'CN': 'system:kube-proxy',
  'hosts': [],
  'key': {
    'algo': 'rsa',
    'size': 2048
  },
  'names': [
    {
      'C': 'CN',
      'L': 'BeiJing',
      'ST': 'BeiJing',
      'O': 'k8s',
      'OU': 'System'
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

# 拷贝到node
scp -r /root/k8s root@192.168.2.21:/opt/ # node1
scp -r /root/k8s root@192.168.2.22:/opt/ # node2

9.4 生成kubeconfig (node操作)

cd /opt/k8s
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes   --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem   --embed-certs=true   --server=${KUBE_APISERVER}   --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy   --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem   --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem   --embed-certs=true   --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default   --cluster=kubernetes   --user=kube-proxy   --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

9.5 配置kube-proxy.service (node操作)

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

9.6 kube-proxy启动 (node操作)

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-proxy.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service.
[root@node1 k8s]#
[root@node1 k8s]# systemctl status kube-proxy
● kube-proxy.service - Kubernetes Proxy
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-27 03:19:53 EDT; 137ms ago
 Main PID: 31089 (kube-proxy)
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-proxy.service
           └─31089 /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy --logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-c...
Sep 27 03:19:53 node1 systemd[1]: Started Kubernetes Proxy.

10 部署网络组件

Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案，是目前Kubernetes主流的网络方案

#安装calico
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
#列出“kube-system”命名空间下的所有pod
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   Ready    <none>   28m   v1.18.2
k8s-node1     Ready    <none>   13m   v1.18.2
k8s-node2     Ready    <none>   14m   v1.18.2

授权 apiserver 访问 kubelet

cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: 'true'
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - '*'
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ''
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF

kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

11 新增加 Worker-Node

11.1 拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点

在Master节点中，将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到另外2个节点

#拷贝工作目录
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.200.201:/opt/

#拷贝配置文件
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.2.21:/usr/lib/systemd/system

#拷贝证书文件
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.2.21:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

#对node2机器同样执行一遍
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.2.22:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.2.22:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.2.22:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

11.2 删除 kubelet 证书和 kubeconfig 文件

由于这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个Node不同，因此必须删除

#在node1、node2两个节点上分别执行如下命令
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

11.3 修改主机名

在两台机器上分别打开2个配置文件，并修改主机名

# 修改node1 kubelet配置文件
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
# 或者sed -i直接替换
# sed -i 's/k8s-master1/k8s-node1/g' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf

#修改kube-proxy配置文件
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
# 或者sed -i直接替换
# sed -i 's/k8s-master1/k8s-node1/g' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml

node2操作

# sed -i 's/k8s-master1/k8s-node2/g' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
# sed -i 's/k8s-master1/k8s-node2/g' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml

11.4 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl status kubelet kube-proxy
>>>
● kube-proxy.service - Kubernetes Proxy
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-09-28 06:14:10 EDT; 40min ago
 Main PID: 3279 (kube-proxy)
    Tasks: 8
   Memory: 12.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-proxy.service
           └─3279 /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy --logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-...

Sep 28 06:14:10 k8s-master1 systemd[1]: Started Kubernetes Proxy.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

11.5 在Master上批准新的Node kubelet证书申请

# 先查看证书请求：
kubectl get csr
在两台node机器上分别执行完前4步操作之后（node节点中启动kubelet后就会有请求信息），查

#授权ndoe1
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-MYWfZXy8o2n8Gb6dZ-fVKw1qVFkmgEkSFdg7m1VL56w
#授权node2
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-XAp5v8JU6qlAkDwzXPiN0DkJ9xlqsq4KbMekUFqBwKM

11.6：查看Node状态

[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   Ready    <none>   45m   v1.18.2
k8s-node1     Ready    <none>   30m   v1.18.2
k8s-node2     Ready    <none>   31m   v1.18.2

12 测试kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：

$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc

访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port