2017090：救生艇艇机的启动争议
A container ship built in 2006 was inspected. The followings were observed:
一艘2006年建造的集装箱船，PSC检查中发现了以下问题：
Starboard lifeboat
右舷救生艇
In the presence of PSCO inside the lifeboat, the engine was successfully started by battery with charging disconnected. After stopping the engine, crew was asked to start engine again by battery in order to demonstrate ahead/astern running of propeller. However, the engine failed to start up while the electric starting motor kept cranking. PSCO then advised the crews to try starting again with charging connected. The engine was started up and ahead/astern running of propeller was demonstrated.
PSCO让船员使用蓄电池启动救生艇，启动成功。艇机停止后，船员被要就再次启动救生艇，以便测试前进和后退功能。救生艇启动失败。PSCO要求船员船员保持充电状态，进行启动，启动成功，并进行了前进后退的演示。
Port lifeboat
左救生艇
The engine was failed to start by battery (charging disconnected) after several attempts. Crews were then asked to start engine by manual starting system. In the presence of PSCO, the engine was unable to start up over 15 minutes. Before PSCO proceeded to E/R for inspection, he had warned Chief Officer that it would constitute a ground for detention if the engine still failed to start after the inspection was finished. After E/R inspection completed (about 50 minutes), PSCO were told that the engine was successfully started by manual starting and the crews demonstrated the same in the presence of PSCO.
充电装置断开状态时，艇机无法通过蓄电池启动。船员被要求手动启动救生艇，15分钟之内，艇机无法启动。随后psco前往机舱检查，并告诉大副，如果检查结束，艇机依然不能启动，该缺陷将被认定为滞留缺陷。机舱检查完成后（大约50分钟），PSCO被告知艇机能够手动启动成功，并且向PSCO演示手动启动成功。
Based on the above, PSCO issued two deficiencies as follows with action code 16 – rectify within 14 days:
基于上述情况，PSCO签署了两项缺陷，并出具16的行动代码（14天内改正）
11101 Lifeboats - STARBOARD LIFEBOAT BATTERY POOR PERFORMANCE. WITHOUT CHARGER PLUGGED, POWER JUST ENOUGH TO START ENGINE ONE TIME.
11101 Lifeboats - PORT LIFEBOAT ENGINE UNABLE TO START BY BATTERY
The engines of both port and starboard side lifeboats were provided with a manual starting system and a power starting system with one rechargeable battery.
左、右救生艇提供有手动启动系统和一套可充电的蓄电池启动系统。
The company requested Port Authority to delete the deficiencies for the following reasons:
船舶管理公司要求港口删除缺陷，理由如下：
1. As per LSA Code 4.4.6.2, “The engine shall be provided with either a manual starting system, or a power starting system with two independent rechargeable energy sources”. The lifeboat engine was provided with a manual starting system and a power starting system with one rechargeable energy source, i.e. battery. In this case, the power starting system was an additional mean of starting which was not required as per LSA Code.
1.LSA code4.4.6.2规定：, “The engine shall be provided with either a manual starting system, or a power starting system with two independent rechargeable energy sources”.本轮配备一套手动启动系统，一套可充电的蓄电池启动系统，本轮的蓄电池启动属于高于LSA code要求的配置。
2. As per SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 20, “Before the ship leaves port and at all times during the voyage, all life-saving appliances shall be in working order and ready for immediate use”. An abandon ship drill was conducted just prior arrival port. During the drill the functionality of batteries (Lifeboat starting systems) were tested without any problems.
2.根据SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 20的要求：“Before the ship leaves port and at all times during the voyage, all life-saving appliances shall be in working order and ready for immediate use”。在抵港前船舶进行了弃船演习，演习中，救生艇可以使用蓄电池启动。
3. In the presence of the PSC Inspectors the lifeboats were successfully started by the manual starting system.
3.救生艇可以手动启动
4. The ship was/is in compliance with the regulation and ready to use LSA appliances for immediate use.
4.救生艇满足LSA立即可用的要求。
5. A Corrective Action Report with regard to the PSC Inspection was sent to Port Authority.
5.检查期间，整改报告递交给了港口国。
Port Authority was of opinion that:
港口国的观点如下：
1. As per SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 19 paragraph 2.1, "Every crew member with assigned emergency duties shall be familiar with these duties before the voyage begins". Crews assigned in charge of lifeboat engine according to muster list should familiar with the characteristic of the engine in terms of the number of starting provided by a battery in working order without charging connected. However, crews were not aware that the capacity of battery was not enough to start engine second time.
1.根据SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 19 paragraph 2.1规定："Every crew member with assigned emergency duties shall be familiar with these duties before the voyage begins"。按照值班部署表上承担救生艇任务的船员应该熟悉救生艇的启动方式等性能特点，应该明白救生艇应该在断开充电装置的情况下能够启动救生艇。显然该轮的船员没有意识到启动电池能量不足的问题。
2. As per SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 20 paragraph 3.1, "Maintenance, testing and inspections of life-saving appliances shall be carried out in a manner having due regard to ensuring reliability of such appliances". Crews failed to ensure reliability of lifeboat engine by not aware the drop of capacity of battery during routine maintenance, testing and inspections of lifeboat as evidenced by no spare battery available onboard and no evidence of placed requisition shown to Inspectors.
2.根据SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 20 paragraph 3.1的要求："Maintenance, testing and inspections of life-saving appliances shall be carried out in a manner having due regard to ensuring reliability of such appliances".船员维护保养，测试检查期间没有意识到蓄电池电量的降低，既没有申请备件也没有想检查官出示申请。
3. As per SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 20 paragraph 5,“Spares and repair equipment shall be provided for life-saving appliances and their components which are subject to excessive wear or consumption and need to be replaced regularly”. Spare battery should be available onboard due to rechargeable battery’s characteristic of capacity loss as number of charge cycles increases.
3.根据SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 20 paragraph 5的要求：“Spares and repair equipment shall be provided for life-saving appliances and their components which are subject to excessive wear or consumption and need to be replaced regularly”。由于蓄电池的属性特点，备用电池应该储存在船。
4. As per SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 20 paragraph 2, power starting system together with manual starting system as a whole should at all time in working order and ready for immediate use. Since the power starting system was equipped as an alternate starting mean when the ship was delivered and was commonly known by the crews of the ship, they would presume that the battery was in good order during emergency, unless it was isolated or removed for use, and a notice was posted in the vicinity and crews were informed.
4.根据SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 20 paragraph 2的要求，救生艇的电启动和手动启动方式应作为启动系统的一个整体，应该即时可用。
5. In view of safety management system, it failed to identify and report this operational failure, for which was evidenced by that Master didn’t declare this deficiency to PSCO before the inspection was commenced, no warning notice regarding malfunction of battery was posted in the vicinity, and the crews were not aware about this when they were asked to start engine by battery.
5.根据公司的SMS管理体系，船方没有发现和报告这一缺陷。船长没有提前向PSCO声明该缺陷。也没有将蓄电池故障的警示进行张贴，船员在启动艇机时，没有意识到该故障。
6. As per LSA Code 4.4.6.2,“The engine starting systems and starting aids shall start the engine at an ambient temperature of -15°C within 2 min of commencing the start procedure”. The time taken for starting exceeded required time frame.
7. 根据LSA Code 4.4.6.2：,“The engine starting systems and starting aids shall start the engine at an ambient temperature of -15°C within 2 min of commencing the start procedure”。启动时间超过了上述规定的时间。
Therefore, the deficiencies were justified.
基于上述原因，滞留是合理的。
1. the lifeboats are provided with two starting systems, both of which should be functioning properly. 救生艇艇机提供了两套启动方式，两个启动方式都应该保证功能良好。
2. PSC inspection report or deficiencies recorded ONLY reflects the status and situation at the time of inspection therefore the condition of lifeboats during the drill before inspection insisted by the company is not relevant. PSC检查报告和缺陷仅仅反映psc检查期间设备的情况和状态，公司提到的检查前演习的状态与救助艇检查时的状态无关。
3. It is deficiency for proper maintenance or operation that crew could not start the lifeboat engine within a reasonable time. 这是一个由于船员维护保养不到位，而造成的救生艇无法再规定时间内启动的缺陷。
Question
问题：
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