中国科学家发现低热量饮食延长寿命机制
2016年7月1日，美国化学学会官方期刊《蛋白质组研究杂志》第15卷第7期发表中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所、中国科学院上海生命科学研究院、浙江大学感染性疾病诊治协同创新中心、复旦大学生命科学学院的研究报告，探讨了低热量饮食能延长寿命的新陈代谢原因。
适当营养的热量限制似乎有助于延长寿命，并通过减少所谓的体内活性氧延缓与年龄有关的疾病发作。既往研究表明，热量限制改变激素和脂质代谢物的水平，并改变能量代谢。然而，限制热量时体内发生的确切生化改变以及其长期影响仍然未知。
该研究调查了热量限制性饮食小鼠的长期代谢反应。小鼠分成4个类别的饮食：低脂肪，低脂肪且限制热量，高脂肪，高脂肪但热量限制。1年后使用核磁共振分析检验血液和尿液中的代谢作用。
结果发现，与饮食脂肪量相比，限制热量摄入对代谢结果的影响显著提高。与限制热量方案相比，较高热量饮食的小鼠氧化应激增加，干扰脂质代谢，抑制糖酵解和改变肠道微生物的代谢。
J Proteome Res. 2016 Jul 1;15(7):2299-308.
Metabolomics Insights into the Modulatory Effects of Long-Term Low Calorie Intake in Mice.
Wu J, Yang L, Li S, Huang P, Liu Y, Wang Y, Tang H.
Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
There is increasing evidence that calorie restriction without malnutrition can extend longevity and delay the onset of age-associated disorders. Identifying the biochemical perturbations associated with different dietary habits would provide valuable insights into associations between metabolism and longevity. To reveal the effects of long-term dietary interventions on metabolic perturbations, we investigated serum and urinary metabolic changes induced by interactive high/low fat diet in combination with/without reduced caloric intake over a life span in mice using NMR-based metabonomics. We found that the high calorie dietary regime disturbed lipid metabolism, suppressed glycolysis and TCA cycles, stimulated oxidative stress, promoted nucleotide metabolism and gluconeogenesis, and perturbed gut microbiota-host interactions. Such changes could be modified by long-term low calorie intake. Most importantly, we found that the calorie intake index exerts a dominant effect on metabolic perturbations irrespective of dietary regime. Our investigation provides a holistic view of the metabolic impact of long-term dietary interventions, which are important for detecting physiological changes and dietary effects on mammalian metabolism.
KEYWORDS: NMR; calorie restriction; high fat diet; long-term diet interventions; metabonomics
PMID: 27267303
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00336