人文湖南 | 慢品社区老房子 · 徐玉兰旧居
复兴西路44弄（徐玉兰旧居）
徐玉兰旧居位于复兴西路44弄玫瑰别墅6号。
玫瑰别墅建于1940年，由七幢风格类似的住宅式公寓组成，占地面积 4393平方米，建筑总面积3175平方米。七幢建筑均为平屋顶，水泥砂浆外墙，三层砖木结构，平面每层都有厨房间、备餐间、卫生间、客厅、卧室等，形体简洁，体现现代建筑风格，屋前有花园。孙科二夫人蓝妮亲自督工建造，7幢房子用7种不同的颜色，十分醒目、别致，因弄口地面上砌有“玫瑰”两字，老上海人称之为“玫瑰别墅”。
徐玉兰简介
徐玉兰（1921—2017），祖籍浙江富阳，越剧表演艺术家。
1933年进新登东安舞台科班学艺，同年到上海。1939年与吴月奎等组建兴华越剧社。1947年，自组玉兰剧团。1952年率团参加中央军委总政治部文工团越剧队。1954年加入上海越剧院。表演富有激情，善于塑造人物，尤擅扮演风流倜傥的角色，独步越坛。唱腔除继承越剧传统老调外，广泛吸收京、绍、杭等剧种的声腔成分，具有高昂激越的特色，被称为徐派。代表作有《红楼梦》（饰贾宝玉）、《西厢记》（饰张珙）、《追鱼》（饰张珍）、《北地王》（饰刘谌）等。1989年获首届“金唱片奖”。2013年获中国戏剧奖终身成就奖。2014年获上海文艺家终身荣誉奖。
著有《徐玉兰艺术生涯八十年》。
徐玉兰
徐王舞台并蒂莲
恰如越剧《红楼梦》“宝黛初会”中所唱：“眼前分明是外来客，心底恰似旧时友。”1948年秋，徐玉兰见到了比自己小5岁的王文娟，大有相见恨晚的感觉。9月22日，两人在上海明星大戏院首演《风萧萧》，自此开启了徐王半个多世纪的舞台合作生涯。
到中华人民共和国成立，两人已合作推出了《荆轲刺秦王》《红娘子》《吕布与貂蝉》《信陵公子》《玉面狼》等剧目。1951年，她们克服家庭困难，一起带团北上参军，并于1953 年参加赴朝慰问团。
在朝鲜，整整 9个月，徐玉兰和王文娟同睡一个铺，同吃一锅饭，逢到演出还互打背包。一天，王文娟牙齿发炎，痛得半边脸红肿。徐玉兰拦车送她去部队医院。那时正是六月天，她们顶着烈日到了医院。医生给王文娟打针，王文娟一阵剧痛惊叫。徐玉兰在旁安慰，又急又累，竟中暑晕了过去。待到醒来，王文娟反在一旁劝慰照顾徐玉兰了。
徐玉兰（左）饰贾宝玉，王文娟（右）饰林黛玉
1960年，徐王在广州演出《追鱼》。最后演“分别”时，徐玉兰有个“抢背”动作，本应将昏倒在地的“鲤鱼精”——王文娟扶起，可这时她却站不起来。王文娟一见徐玉兰脸色苍白，汗珠直冒，连忙反过来扶起徐玉兰。到后台，当发现锁骨从肩胛处突出，方知是锁骨骨折，王文娟心疼得直掉眼泪，赶紧送她去医院。
用她俩自己的话来说：“我们在一起生活、演出的时间要多于家庭生活的时间。”几十年来，两人足迹遍及全国和海外。20世纪五六十年代，是徐王越剧艺术的成熟期。她们此时合作的精品《追鱼》《春香传》《西厢记》《北地王》《关汉卿》等如繁花吐蕊，最终《红楼梦》将她们的艺术推向高峰。1962 年这部越剧被搬上银幕。
令人高兴的是，就在拍摄《红楼梦》期间，王文娟找到了自己的人生伴侣——电影表演艺术家孙道临。这桩良缘是黄宗江和徐玉兰促成的。徐玉兰一直说，“王文娟和孙道临，我是大媒。”在《红楼梦》拍摄结束后，王文娟和孙道临去庐山度蜜月，而徐玉兰和她的先生俞则人高兴地随之同行，分享幸福。
1985年，徐王组建红楼剧团。两人壮心不已，决心为越剧艺术后继有人再创辉煌。
徐玉兰 （戴晓明画）
Introduction of former
residence of XU Yulan
The former residence of XU Yulan lies in Alley 44 on West Fuxing Road (also called Rose Villa), which was built in 1940.
It consists of seven residential apartments of similar style, covering an area of 4,393 square meters with a total construction area of 3,175 square meters. These seven buildings have flat roofs, exterior walls composed of cement and mortar, as well as the structure of three-story brick and wood. Each floor is equipped with a kitchen, pantry, bathroom, living room, bedroom, etc. The buildings boast themselves a concise form with a garden in front of the house, reflecting a style of modern architecture. The construction of the seven houses was supervised by LAN Ni, the second wife of SUN Ke, with seven different colors, making the houses not only eye-catching but also quite chic. Old Shanghai people called it Rose Villa for the word “Rose” carved on the ground of the alley entrance.
XU Yulan (1921-2017) has her ancestral family from Fuyang in Zhejiang province and is known as a performing artist of Yue Opera. In 1933, she became an apprentice in Dong’an professional training class in Xindeng and in the same year she went to Shanghai. In 1939, she set up the Xinghua Yue Opera Society together with WU Yuekui and other people. In 1947, she started up her own troupe called Yulan Troupe. In 1952, she led her members to join the Yue Opera troupe of the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission. Since 1954, she joined the Shanghai Yue Opera House. Her performance is greatly abundant in passion, and she is adroit at the characterization of figures, especially those who are handsome and debonair, which earns her a leading role in Yue Opera. Apart from the succession to the traditional tunes of Yue Opera, her aria is characterized by high spirits and has extensively absorbed the tune elements of Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Hangzhou Opera and other types of operas, which is widely recognized as the XU Style. She boasts a large number of representative works, including A Dream of Red Mansions (acting as JIA Baoyu), West Chamber (acting as ZHANG Gong), Chasing Fish (acting as ZHANG Zhen), and The King of the North (acting as LIU Chen). She won the first Golden Record Award in 1989 and the Chinese Drama Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2013 as well as the Lifetime Honorary Award of Shanghai Artists in 2014. Eighty-year Art Career of XU Yulan is one of her remarkable works.
Just as what was sung during Bao and Dai’s first meeting in the opera A Dream of Red Mansions, “although apparently, JIA Baoyu was a young man whom LIN Daiyu had never met before, she still felt familiar with him.” XU met WANG Wenjuan, who was 5 years younger than her in the autumn of 1948. Both of them regretted that they had not known each other before. On September 22, they made their debut performance in The Wind Withers in Shanghai Star Theater, which opened a new chapter for their cooperation on stage for more than half a century.
By the time when the People’s Republic of China was founded, they had co-starred some famous operas, including The Emperor and the Assassin, Red Lady, LÜ Bu and DIAO Chan, Prince Xinling and Jade Face Wolf. In 1951, they led members to proceed northward to join the army regardless of objection of their families and took part in the relief team to North Korea in 1953.
The former residence of XU Yulan lies in Alley 44 on West Fuxing Road (also called Rose Villa), which was built in 1940. It consists of seven residential apartments of similar style, covering an area of 4,393 square meters with a total construction area of 3,175 square meters. These seven buildings have flat roofs, exterior walls composed of cement and mortar, as well as the structure of three-story brick and wood. Each floor is equipped with a kitchen, pantry, bathroom, living room, bedroom, etc. The buildings boast themselves a concise form with a garden in front of the house, reflecting a style of modern architecture. The construction of the seven houses was supervised by LAN Ni, the second wife of SUN Ke, with seven different colors, making the houses not only eye-catching but also quite chic. Old Shanghai people called it Rose Villa for the word “Rose”
carved on the ground of the alley entrance. The building 2 once housed the couple, SUN Ke and LAN Ni. The building 6 once housed the couple JIN Yan and QIN Yi and the building 7 once housed ZHOU Xiaoyan.
During a period of 9 months in North Korea, XU and WANG
shared one bed and had meals together, and also helped each other to pack when they had performance. One day, WANG was caught by dental inflammation and was so painful that half of her face swelled. XU quickly sent her to a military hospital. It was a day in June when they went to the hospital under the scorching sun. When doctor gave Wang an injection, Wang screamed out of the severe pain. Standing
aside, anxious and tired, XU kept comforting Wang patiently. However, she fainted due to heatstroke and when she woke up, Wang in turn comforted and attended to her.
In 1960, XU and WANG performed in Chasing Fish in Guangzhou. At the end of the opera when performing the scene of departure, XU had an action of falling forward in which she should have lifted up WANG who pretended to faint on the ground when playing the role of evil spirit of carp. However, it was at the very moment that XU could not stand up. Seeing her pale and sweaty face, WANG quickly held her up in turn. They immediately arrived at the backstage, only to find the clavicle was out of the scapular. It was not until that time that they realized it was the clavicle fracture. WANG was so heart-broken that she couldn’t stop shedding tears and quickly sent XU to the hospital.
They once said, “We spend more time on performance than on our family.” In several decades, they performed around the country and even the entire world. The 1950s and the 1960s were the mature period of their opera. At that time, they cooperated to compose a large number of operas, including Chasing Fish, Chunxiang, West Chamber, The King of the North, GUAN Hanqing and other works. These works appeared one after another, all of which can be regarded as masterpieces in their career. Finally, A Dream of Red Mansions was played on the screen in 1962 and pushed their art to the peak.
Happily, it was during the very period when A Dream of Red Mansions was produced that WANG Wenjuan encountered with her life partner SUN Daolin, a film artist. This predestined affinity was contributed by HUANG Zongjiang and XU Yulan. XU always said that she was the matchmaker for WANG Wenjuan and SUN Daolin. After the shooting of The Dream of Red Mansion, WANG Wenjuan and SUN Daolin went to Lushan Mountain for their honeymoon with the company of XU Yulan and YU Zeren, her husband, who shared their happiness.
In 1985, XU and WANG cooperated to establish the Red Mansions Troupe. They were still in high aspirations and determined to gain another glory for the succession of Yue opera.
信息来源：《200031——一个历史街区的文化记忆》