@石头教英语
父亲白手起家，挣得家产，成为全国首富。儿子继承后，仔仔细细地做好了规划：用一生的时间花光遗产。没想到他数学不好，提前花光，人生的最后几年不得不领低保，依靠政府的救济金度日。这位被媒体称为世界三大败家子之一的“人才”就是巴西首富若热·贵诺。（另外两位败家子分别是希腊船王奥纳西斯、美国富商霍华德·休斯。）若热·贵诺的父亲爱德华多·贵诺是法国人，19世纪后期移民巴西。刚来巴西时，爱德华多·贵诺一穷二白，但贵在有商业头脑且眼光超前，很快他就赚取了人生的第一桶金。之后他把目光投注在巴西桑托斯港，他租下港口经营码头生意，并把桑托斯港发展成了巴西最大的港口，凭借此成为巴西首富。若热·贵诺含着金汤匙出生，从小到大接触到的都是商贾名流，或者非富即贵。美国总统去巴西访问，下榻的正是若热·贵诺家。父亲去世后，若热·贵诺继承了20亿美元的遗产（约合人民币140亿美元）。创业难，守业更难，若热·贵诺非常明白这个道理，所以他压根儿没想着挑战守业这么难的事。他给自己制定了完美的花钱计划，预计离开人世前刚好花光遗产。于是，拿到遗产的若热·贵诺开始出入各种娱乐场所、入住豪华酒店、夜夜笙歌。若热·贵诺喜欢女明星，曾放话，要“追到世界上所有漂亮的女人”。虽然若热·贵诺身高有限（据传1.62m），但架不住人家有钱还巨能挥霍。所以他常年混迹于好莱坞，当红女星女友一个接一个。坊间传闻，1962年，若热·贵诺从巴黎购买了数百万美元的珠宝，赶到美国准备送给玛丽莲·梦露，谁知玛丽莲·梦露自杀了，若热·贵诺立马将这些珠宝送给了另一位追求者。当一切都在按照若热·贵诺的完美计划进行时，意外发生了。由于算错了时间，遗产提前花光了。小沈阳：“钱是身外之物，人最痛苦的是什么，人死了，钱没花了。”估计，若热·贵诺之前竭力想避免第一种痛苦，没想到却真切地体会了一把第二种痛苦。更痛苦的是，花光遗产后，他又活了15年，这15年里他靠着政府每月1500雷亚尔的救济金，生活在贫民窟……之前我们好像几乎没有分享过巴西的相关情况，今天借着叙说这位败家子先生，我们来了解一下遥远的南美大陆上面积最大的国家——巴西（Brazil）。英语原文来自《经济学人》20210724刊。文章描述了巴西人才流失严重的现状，分析了成因。Brazilian emigration to OECD countries has been rising for years, but took off especially in 2017, growing by 24% from the previous year. Nearly 30% of all Brazilians living in OECD countries have a university education. In the past two years, applications by Brazilian skilled workers for permanent visas in the United States, the main destination for those leaving Brazil, rose by 30% to the highest level in at least ten years.巴西向经合组织国家的移民数多年来一直在上升，但在2017年尤其明显，同比增长了24%。近30%生活在经合组织国家的巴西人接受过大学教育。过去的两年里，在美国申请永久签证的巴西技术工人人数上升了30%，达到了至少十年来的最高水平。美国是他们离开巴西后的主要目的地。The exodus is mainly the result of economic instability left over from the recession of 2014-16. But it has been worsened by the populist president, Jair Bolsonaro, who sees academics as enemies. His guru, Olavo de Carvalho, has said that Brazil’s universities are hives of drugs, orgies and communist propaganda. The federal science-funding agency’s budget has dropped by nearly half since 2000, while the government is pouring money into sending members of the armed forces, often supporters of Mr Bolsonaro, to study abroad.移民外流主要是2014-16年经济衰退遗留下来的经济不稳定的结果。但民粹主义总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗将学者视为敌人，这让情况更加恶化。他的导师Olavo de Carvalho曾说过，巴西的大学是毒品、狂欢和共产主义宣传的蜂巢。联邦科学基金机构的预算自2000年以来已经下降了近一半，而政府却将大量资金用于派遣军队成员（通常是博尔索纳罗的支持者）到国外学习。The UFRJ has enough money to keep its doors open only until September; after that it may have to close labs and restrict some classes to online. At least six professors who criticised the president’s actions during the pandemic, which has so far killed more than 540,000 Brazilians, were investigated by the government.里约热内卢联邦大学的资金只足够维持到9月份；在那之后，它可能不得不关闭实验室，并限制一些课程变成在线课程。政府调查了至少6位批评总统在疫情期间的行为的教授。目前为止，这场疫情已经导致超过54万巴西人死亡。①OECD abbr. 经济合作与发展组织（Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development）②take off 起飞,脱掉 （文中指数字上升明显 took off especially）③Exodus /'eksədəs/ n. 大批的离去英文释义：a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environmentA cataclysm will come to be known by a biblical name, the Exodus.④Populist /'pɒpjʊlɪst/ n. 平民主义者；民粹主义者英文释义：an advocate of democratic principlesThey are both political showmen; they're both populists.二人都喜欢政治作秀；而且都是民粹主义者。（NPR）⑤Guru /'gʊruː/ n. (个人的)宗教老师(或指导),(受下属崇敬的)领袖,头头英文释义：a Hindu or Buddhist religious leader and spiritual teacher; each of the first ten leaders of the Sikh religion; a recognized leader in some field or of some movement.Don't necessarily trust somebody just because they call themselves a guru.⑦Orgies /'ɔ:dʒi/ n. 纵欲，放荡（orgy复数）You want us to go to an orgy?⑧Propaganda /prɒpə'gændə/ n. 宣传, 宣传运动political propaganda 政治宣传educational propaganda 教育宣传propaganda department 宣传部German propaganda newsreels insist on showing repeated close-ups of their faces.德军的宣传新闻片坚持重复播放他们的脸部特写。（《二战启示录》）⑨UFRJ 里约热内卢联邦大学(Universidade Federal Rio De Janeiro)
里约热内卢
Being in a country that has daily attacks on science is very discouraging.生活在一个每天都有人攻击科学的国家是非常令人沮丧的。“Brazil: love it or leave it.”“巴西：要么爱它，要么离开它。”（another ver 巴西：不爱就离开）
巴西狂欢节
It is not long ago that Brazil offered young researchers fairer prospects. Between 2003 and 2016 successive governments led by the Workers’ Party, under Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff, set up 18 new universities (some from satellite campuses of existing institutions). In 2015 Brazil outpaced countries like Russia and Mexico in its spending on science, technology and innovation.
就在不久前，巴西为年轻的研究人员提供了更公平的前景。2003年至2016年间，在路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦和迪尔玛·罗塞夫领导下的工人党连续几届政府建立了18所新大学（其中一些来自现有机构的卫星分校）。2015年，巴西在科学、技术和创新方面的支出超过了俄罗斯和墨西哥等国家。Yet even when Brazil was investing in education, there were snags. The Ciência Sem Fronteiras (“Science without Borders”) programme inaugurated in 2011 by Ms Rousseff, then president, sent almost 100,000 Brazilians to study in more than 30 countries over six years. But when they returned, there was no policy for what to do with them, says Ms Carneiro. When the programme was still running, a quarter of scholarship recipients said they intended to pursue a career outside Brazil.然而，即使在巴西投资教育的时候，也存在障碍。2011年，时任总统罗塞夫启动了Ciência Sem Fronteiras（“科学无国界”）项目，在6年时间里，近10万巴西人前往30多个国家学习。但卡内罗表示，当他们返回时，没有关于如何安置他们的政策。该项目仍在运营时，四分之一的奖学金获得者表示，他们打算在巴西以外的地方寻求职业发展。①It is not long ago that 不久前 【写作推荐】②Outpace /ˌaut'peis/ vt. 赶过；超过…速度House prices in such places, unsurprisingly, outpace the national average.这些地方的房价高于本国平均水平也是意料之中。（《经济学人》）③Snag /snæg/ n. (尤指潜伏的)困难，(未料到的)障碍英文释义：an unforeseen obstaclePeace talks in Ethiopia had hit a practical snag.*本文由新英语逃脱计划整理发布，请合理转载，标明出处
-the end-
新英语逃脱计划
超详细【外刊+真题】双语精读笔记。阅读翻译写作一网打尽，最实用地道英文都在这儿了
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