TE精读|Bernie sanders
果然封面文章很难读……
这篇文章是写的关于这次美国大选民主党派候选人之一Bernie sanders 的，都用了nightmare这个词，立马就能知道这篇文章的立场，妥妥的自由主义呀~不管怎么说，关于政治类的文章都是比较难读懂却需要我多下功夫的（因为专业相关），因为这篇文章我也去追了下最近美国大选的热点， sanders 比较亲社会主义，如果他能够当选民主党的候选人，对于中国来说其实是个好消息，但对于经济学人的立场来说简直是It is hard to think of a worse choice！不过这篇文章是上周写的，这周super Tuesday的结果还真如文章所愿，sanders成为候选人希望渺茫了~
那让我们随着这篇难懂的文章来看看这位竞选人吧~
标题解读：
fly title: Bernie sanders
直接向大家点名文章内容
headline：America’s nightmare
向大家暗示了文章的立场
rubric：As the Democrats’ nominee, the senator from Vermont would present America with a terrible choice
一句话点名文章主旨，整篇文章都围绕Bernie sanders若成为nominee对于美国来说将会是一个可怕的选择（因为作者认为trump和sanders都不是好选择）
nightmare噩梦; 梦魇; 可怕的经历; 难以处理之事
Senator:参议员
Vermont佛蒙特州
01
Sometimes people wake from a bad dream only to discover that they are still asleep and that the nightmare goes on. This is the prospect facing America if, as seems increasingly likely, the Democrats nominate Bernie Sanders as the person to rouse America from President Donald Trump’s first term. Mr. Sanders won the primary in New Hampshire, almost won in Iowa, trounced his rivals in Nevada and is polling well in South Carolina. Come Super Tuesday next week, in which 14 states including California and Texas allot delegates, he could amass a large enough lead to make himself almost impossible to catch.
trounce / traʊns / verb
to defeat someone completely :
We were trounced 13–0.
allot verb /əˈlɒt/
to give something, especially a share of something available, for a particular purpose（尤指将现有的东西）分配；分派
They allotted everyone a separate desk.他们给每个人都配备了个人专用的办公桌
del‧e‧gate / ˈdeləɡət, / noun
someone who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group → representative :
Around 350 delegates attended the conference.
a‧mass / əˈmæs / verb
if you amass money, knowledge, information etc, you gradually collect a large amount of it :
For 25 years, Darwin amassed evidence to support his theories.
He amassed a fortune after the war.
super Tuesday is the United States presidential primary election day in February or March when the greatest number of U.S. states hold primary elections and caucuses. Approximately one-third of all delegates to the presidential nominating conventions can be won on Super Tuesday, more than on any other day.
中心：作者用一个比喻来讲若是sanders当选了候选人的话，美国将会是从一个噩梦过渡到下一个噩梦。点名全文中心。
02
Moderate Democrats worry that nominating Mr Sanders would cost them the election. This newspaper worries that forcing Americans to decide between him and Mr Trump would result in an appalling choice with no good outcome. It will surprise nobody that we disagree with a self-described democratic socialist over economics, but that is just the start. Because Mr Sanders is so convinced that he is morally right, he has a dangerous tendency to put ends before means. And, in a country where Mr Trump has whipped up politics into a frenzy of loathing, Mr Sanders’s election would feed the hatred.
mod‧e‧rate / ˈmɒd ə rət/ adjective
having opinions or beliefs, especially about politics, that are not extreme and that most people consider reasonable
the more moderate members of the party
a moderate politician
cost verb
cost somebody their job/life/marriage etc when something makes you lose your job etc :
Joe’s brave action cost him his life.
His strong stand on the issue could have cost him his job.
Bad management could be costing this club a chance at the title.
cost them the election：让他们输掉选举
ap‧pal‧ling / əˈpɔːlɪŋ / adjective
very unpleasant and shocking SYN terrible :
He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.
an appalling famine
whip up to encourage or cause people to have strong feelings about something 煽动；激起
fren‧zy / ˈfrenzi / noun
a state of great anxiety or excitement, in which you cannot control your behaviour
frenzy of
a frenzy of religious feeling
loathing noun
a strong feeling of hating someone or something
ha‧tred / ˈheɪtrəd / noun
an angry feeling of extreme dislike for someone or something OPP love
A look of pure hatred flashed across her face.
中心：温和的民主党人担心提名sanders会让他们输掉选举,而且他的当选会助长仇恨。
03
On economics Mr Sanders is misunderstood. He is not a cuddly Scandinavian social democrat who would let companies do their thing and then tax them to build a better world. Instead, he believes American capitalism is rapacious and needs to be radically weakened. He puts Jeremy Corbyn to shame, proposing to take 20% of the equity of companies and hand it over to workers, to introduce a federal jobs-guarantee and to require companies to qualify for a federal charter obliging them to act for all stakeholders in ways that he could define. On trade, Mr Sanders is at least as hostile to open markets as Mr Trump is. He seeks to double government spending, without being able to show how he would pay for it. When unemployment is at a record low and nominal wages in the bottom quarter of the jobs market are growing by 4.6%, his call for a revolution in the economy is an epically poor prescription for what ails America.
cuddly可爱的；令人想抱的
Scan‧di‧na‧vi‧an / ˌskændəˈneɪviən / noun
someone from the area of northern Europe that consists of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and usually Finland and Iceland
ra‧pa‧cious / rəˈpeɪʃəs / adjective
always wanting more money, goods etc than you need or have a right to SYN greedy :
rapacious landlords
radically adverb
completely or extremely:
pro‧pose / prəˈpəʊz / verb
to intend to do something
propose to do something
How does he propose to deal with the situation?
eq‧ui‧ty / ˈekwəti / noun
the value of a company, divided into many equal parts owned by the shareholders, or one of the equal parts into which the value of a company is divided
股份
Hand sth over:
to give something to someone else把…交給，把…送交
jobs-guarantee:就业保障
introduce verb
to put something into use, operation, or a place for the first time 采用，引进，推行
oblige /əˈblaɪdʒ/：to force someone to do something, or to make it necessary for someone to do something
強迫，迫使
qualify verb (HAVE RIGHT)
to have the legal right to have or do something because of the situation you are in, or to cause someone to have such a right
有资格；准予；有权
She doesn't qualify for maternity leave because she hasn't been in her job long enough.她无权休产假，因为她工作时间不够长。
Hostile /ˈhɒs.taɪl/ adjective
not agreeing with something
不同意的
I'm not hostile to (= against) the idea of change as such.我并不反对作这样的改变。
epically 宏伟地;史诗般;史诗式地
prescription：处方，药
nominal adjective /ˈnɒmɪ.nəl/
in name or thought but not in fact or not as things really are
名义上的；有名无实的
quarter noun (PEOPLE)
one or more people who provide help, information, or a particular reaction to something but who are not usually named
（提供帮助、信息或作出反应的）个人，群体
In the bottom quarter 在最底层群体
ail verb /eɪl/
to cause difficulty and problems for someone or something
困扰，使苦恼；使处境困难
The government seems to have no understanding of what ails the country.政府好像不了解国家问题的症结所在。
中心：sanders对经济革命的呼吁，对于困扰美国的问题来说是一剂极其糟糕的处方。
04
In putting ends before means, Mr Sanders displays the intolerance of a Righteous Man. He embraces perfectly reasonable causes like reducing poverty, universal health care and decarbonising the economy, and then insists on the most unreasonable extremes in the policies he sets out to achieve them. He would ban private health insurance (not even Britain, devoted to its National Health Service, goes that far). He wants to cut billionaires’ wealth in half over 15 years. A sensible ecologist would tax fracking for the greenhouse gases it produces. To Mr Sanders that smacks of a dirty compromise: he would ban it outright.
display verb
to show a feeling
显露，表露（情感）
My grandfather disapproved of displaying emotion in public.我祖父不赞同在公开场合表露感情。
intolerance
noun/ɪnˈtɒl.ər.əns/
the fact of refusing to accept ideas, beliefs, or behaviour that are different from your own
不宽容，偏狭
racial/religious intolerance
种族／宗教上的偏狭
embrace verb /ɪmˈbreɪs/
to accept something enthusiastically
欣然接受；乐意采纳
cause noun
a socially valuable principle that is strongly supported by some people
（为某些人所强烈支持的）原则，事业，目标
They are fighting for a cause - the liberation of their people.他们正为解放人民这一事业而战斗。
Decarbonising the economy：经济脱碳化
Fracking：noun /ˈfræk.ɪŋ/水力压裂法采油（或天然气）
smack of sth
— phrasal verb /smæk/
If something smacks of an unpleasant quality, it seems to have that quality.
带有…意味，带有…迹象
The whole situation smacks of mismanagement and incompetence.
整件事让人觉得有点儿管理不善，当事人能力欠缺。
outright
adjective /ˈaʊt.raɪt/
complete
完全的，彻底的
中心：桑德斯表现出一个正直的人的不宽容。
05
Sometimes even the ends are sacrificed to Mr Sanders’s need to be righteous. Making university cost-free for students is a self-defeating way to alleviate poverty, because most of the subsidy would go to people who are, or will be, relatively wealthy. Decriminalising border-crossing and breaking up Immigration and Customs Enforcement would abdicate one of the state’s first duties. Banning nuclear energy would stand in the way of his goal to create a zero-carbon economy.
alleviate verb /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/
to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe
减轻；缓和，缓解
The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.这些药物对减轻她的病痛／痛苦没有丝毫作用。
subsidy
noun /ˈsʌb.sɪ.di/
money given as part of the cost of something, to help or encourage it to happen
补助金；津贴，补贴
The company received a substantial government subsidy.公司得到了大笔的政府津贴。
decriminalize
verb /ˌdiːˈkrɪm.ɪ.nəl.aɪz/
to stop something from being illegal
使合法化
border-crossing：过境
breaking up Immigration and Customs Enforcement 打破移民和海关执法
abdicate verb /ˈæb.dɪ.keɪt/
If a king or queen abdicates, he or she makes a formal statement that he or she no longer wants to be king or queen.
逊位；退（位），让（位），正式放弃（王位）
中心：有时要牺牲掉结局来满足sanders的正义需求
06
So keenly does Mr Sanders fight his wicked rivals at home, that he often sympathises with their enemies abroad. He has shown a habit of indulging autocrats in Cuba and Nicaragua, so long as the regime in question claims to be pursuing socialism. He is skeptical about America wielding power overseas, partly from an honourable conviction that military adventures do more harm than good. But it also reflects his contempt for the power-wielders in the Washington establishment.
Wicked adjective/ˈwɪk.ɪd/
morally wrong and bad
邪恶的；坏的；缺德的
It was a wicked thing to do.
那是件缺德的事。
sympathize verb
to understand and care about someone's problems
同情，体谅，怜悯
autocrat
noun
/ˈɔː.tə.kræt/
a ruler with unlimited power, or someone who demands that people completely obey them
独裁者；专制者；独断专行的人；专横的人
regime
noun
/reɪˈʒiːm/
a particular government or a system or method of government
政府；政权；政体
The old corrupt, totalitarian regime was overthrown.
腐败的旧极权政府被推翻。
in question被提及的;讨论中的;相关的
doubting that something is true or useful
怀疑的，持怀疑态度的
Wield: verb
/wiːld/
wield influence, power, etc.
to have a lot of influence or power over other people
施加影响／运用权力（等等）
He still wields enormous influence in politics.他在政坛仍然很有影响。
con‧vic‧tion W3 / kənˈvɪkʃ ə n / noun
a very strong belief or opinion
religious/political etc convictions
a woman of strong political convictions
deep/strong conviction
The Dotens have a deep conviction that marriage is for life.
conviction that
The students possess the conviction that they can make a difference to their community.
contempt
noun
/kənˈtempt/
a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something
蔑视；鄙视；轻视；轻蔑
Washington establishment:华盛顿当权者
中心：写sanders对待国外的一些对手的态度。
07
Last is the effect of a President Sanders on America’s political culture. The country’s political divisions helped make Mr Trump’s candidacy possible. They are now enabling Mr Sanders’s rise. The party’s leftist activists find his revolution thrilling. They have always believed that their man would triumph if only the neoliberal Democratic Party elite would stop keeping him down. His supporters seem to reserve almost as much hatred for his Democratic opponents as they do for Republicans.
en‧a‧ble S3 W1 AC / ɪˈneɪb ə l / verb
to make it possible for someone to do something, or for something to happen
enable somebody/something to do something
The loan enabled Jan to buy the house.
There are plans to enlarge the runway to enable jumbo jets to land.
leftist activists：左翼激进分子
e‧lite 1 / eɪˈliːt, ɪ- / noun
a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills
political/social/economic etc elite
the domination of power by a small political elite
a struggle for power within the ruling elite
keep down:
to control the size or number of something and prevent it from increasing
压缩；控制，限制…的规模
中心：最后是sanders对美国政治文化的影响。
08
This speaks to Mr Sanders’s political style. When faced with someone who disagrees with him, his instinct is to spot an establishment conspiracy, or to declare that his opponent is confused and will be put straight by one of his political sermons. When asked how he would persuade Congress to eliminate private health insurance (something which 60% of Americans oppose), Mr Sanders replies that he would hold rallies in the states of recalcitrant senators until they relented.
speak to phrasal verb
1 to talk to someone who has done something wrong and tell them not to do it again :
Joe was late again today. You’ll have to speak to him.
2 if something such as a poem, painting, or piece of music speaks to you, you like it because it expresses a particular meaning, quality, or feeling to you :
Modern art just doesn’t speak to me.
这里取意思2，指这符合他的风格。
instinct
noun
/ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/
the way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it
本能，直觉
conspiracy
noun
/kənˈspɪr.ə.si/
the activity of secretly planning with other people to do something bad or illegal
阴谋；密谋；谋划
The three men are accused of conspiracy.这3人被指控图谋不轨。
put straight纠正
sermon
noun
/ˈsɜː.mən/
a part of a Christian church ceremony in which a priest gives a talk on a religious or moral subject, often based on something written in the Bible
布道，讲道
eliminate
verb
/iˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
to remove or take away someone or something
排除；消除；清除
rally
noun
/ˈræl.i/
a public meeting of a large group of people, especially supporters of a particular opinion
（尤指为表明支持某种主张的）集会，群众大会
re‧cal‧ci‧trant / rɪˈkælsətrənt / adjective
refusing to do what you are told to do, even after you have been punished SYN unruly :
a recalcitrant pupil
re‧lent / rɪˈlent / verb
to change your attitude and become less strict or cruel towards someone SYN give in :
At last her father relented and came to visit her.
09
A presidency in which Mr Sanders travelled around the country holding rallies for a far-left programme that he could not get through Congress would widen America’s divisions. It would frustrate his supporters, because the president’s policies would be stymied by Congress or the courts. On the right, which has long been fed a diet of socialist bogeymen, the spectacle of an actual socialist in the White House would generate even greater fury. Mr Sanders would test the proposition that partisanship cannot get any more bitter.
presidency
noun
/ˈprez.ɪ.dən.si/
the job of being president, or the period when someone is a president
总统职务（或任期）
He has announced that he is running for the presidency.他已宣布参加总统竞选。
far left/right
C2
used to refer to political groups whose opinions are very extreme
（政治团休）极左／右的
supporters of the far left极左派的支持者
stymie
verb
/ˈstaɪ.mi/
to prevent something from happening or someone from achieving a purpose
阻止，妨碍，阻挠
In our search for evidence, we were stymied by the absence of any recent documents.缺乏近期的文件为我们搜寻证据造成了障碍
bogeyman
noun
/ˈbəʊ.ɡi.mæn/
an imaginary evil person who harms children
（伤害小孩的）恶鬼，妖怪
spectacle
noun
/ˈspek.tə.kəl/
an unusual or unexpected event or situation that attracts attention, interest, or disapproval
不寻常的事；出人意料的情况
fury
noun
/ˈfjʊə.ri/
extreme anger
暴怒，狂怒
He could hardly contain his fury.
他几乎克制不住自己的愤怒。
generate
verb
/ˈdʒen.ə.reɪt/
to cause something to exist
造成，引起；使存在
Her latest film has generated a lot of interest/excitement.
她最近的一部影片引起了广泛的兴趣／使众多观众很是兴奋。
proposition
noun
/ˌprɒp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ an idea or opinion
主张；观点；见解
They were debating the proposition that "All people are created equal".他们正就“人人生而平等”这一命题展开辩论。
Partisanship：党派主义
Bitter：expressing a lot of hate and anger
充满仇恨的；愤怒的；激烈的
a bitter fight/argument激烈的战斗／争吵
senders将扩大美国的分歧。
10
The mainstream three-quarters of Democrats have begun to tell themselves that Mr Sanders would not be so bad. Some point out that he would not be able to do many of the things he promises. This excuse-making, with its implication that Mr Sanders should be taken seriously but not literally, sounds worryingly familiar. Mr Trump has shown that control of the regulatory state, plus presidential powers over trade and over foreign policy, give a president plenty of room for manoeuvre. His first term suggests that it is unwise to dismiss what a man seeking power says he wants to do with it.
mainstream
adjective/ˈmeɪn.striːm/
considered normal, and having or using ideas, beliefs, etc. that are accepted by most people
（思维、思想或信念等）主流的
This is the director's first mainstream Hollywood film.这是该导演在好莱坞的首部主流影片。
implication
noun/ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly
含意；暗指，暗示
regulatory
adjective/ˌreɡ.jəˈleɪ.tər.i/
controlling
管理的；控制的；监管的
a regulatory body/organization监管部门／组织
ma‧noeu‧vre / məˈnuːvə / noun
room for manoeuvre/freedom of manoeuvre the possibility of changing your plans or decisions in order to achieve what you want :
As I see it, Lisa, you don’t really have a great deal of room for manoeuvre.
dismiss
verb
/dɪˈsmɪs/
to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering
对…不予理会，不考虑
中心：四分之三的民主党主流人士已经开始告诉自己，桑德斯不会那么糟糕。言下之意就是他糟糕到了需要民主党派自己安慰自己。
11
Enter Sandersman
If Mr Sanders becomes the Democratic nominee, America will have to choose in November between a corrupt, divisive, rightwing populist, who scorns the rule of law and the constitution, and a sanctimonious, divisive, left-wing populist, who blames a cabal of billionaires and businesses for everything that is wrong with the world. All this when the country is as peaceful and prosperous as at any time in its history. It is hard to think of a worse choice. Wake up, America!
corrupt
adjective /kəˈrʌpt/
dishonestly using your position or power to get an advantage, especially for money
贪赃舞弊的；以权谋私的；腐败的
divisive adjective
/dɪˈvaɪ.sɪv/
造成不和的; 引起分歧的; 制造分裂的
Populist noun /ˈpɑː.pjə.lɪst/民粹主义者
scorn
noun /skɔːn/
a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid or has no value
轻视，鄙视
Divisive：有争议的
sanctimonious
adjective
/ˌsæŋk.tɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/
acting as if morally better than others
假装圣洁的；道貌岸然的；伪善的
sanctimonious religious leaders preaching about morality
宣讲道德的道貌岸然的宗教领袖们
cabal noun /kəˈbæl/
a small group of people who plan secretly to take action, especially political action
（尤指策划政治行动的）阴谋小集团，阴谋团伙
He was assassinated by a cabal of aides within his own regime.
他被自己政权内部的幕僚们所组成的阴谋集团暗杀了。
中心：若从trump和sanders中选择总统的话，真的没有比这更加糟糕的选择了，所以，美国人们，醒醒吧！
PS:这篇文章有点难，还有一些句子没有弄明白，明天将会持续复习并研究。