骨科英文书籍精读（223）｜髋关节后脱位早期并发症
中国十大名师之一赖世雄老师说过，学习英语没有捷径，少就是多，快就是慢。不要以量取胜，把一个音标、一个单词、一段对话、一篇文章彻底搞透，慢慢积累，你会发现，你并不比每天走马观花的输入大量英文学的差。
Complications
EARLY
Sciatic nerve injury
The sciatic nerve is damaged in 10–20 per cent of cases but it usually recovers. Nerve function must be tested and documented before reduction is attempted. If, after reducing the dislocation, a sciatic nerve lesion is diagnosed, the nerve should be explored to ensure it is not trapped by the reduction manoeuvre. Recovery often takes months and in the meantime the limb must be protected from injury and the ankle splinted to overcome the foot drop.
Vascular injury
Occasionally the superior gluteal artery is torn and bleeding may be profuse. If this is suspected, an arteriogram should be performed. The
torn vessel may need to be ligated.
Associated fractured femoral shaft
When this occurs at the same time as the hip dislocation, the dislocation is often missed. It should be a rule that with every femoral shaft fracture, the buttock and trochanter are palpated, and the hip clearly seen on x-ray. Even if this precaution has been omitted, a dislocation should be suspected if the proximal fragment of a transverse shaft fracture is seen to be adducted. Closed reduction of the dislocation will be much more difficult. A prompt open reduction of the hip followed by internal fixation of the shaft fracture should be undertaken.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
manoeuvre /məˈnuːvər/n. 特技动作，熟练动作；（尤指以欺骗为目的）策略，手段；欺诈性操作；军事演习（等于 aneuver）v. （使谨慎或熟练地）移动；操控，使花招；诱使，诱导
the superior gluteal artery臀上动脉
gluteal /ɡluːˈtiəl/n. 臀肌adj. 臀肌的，和臀肌有关的
profuse /prəˈfjuːs/adj. 丰富的；很多的；慷慨的；浪费的
ligate /ˈlaɪɡeɪt/v. 结扎，绑扎（动脉或血管等）
buttock /ˈbʌtək/n. 半边臀部；船尾vt. 用腰摔
trochanter /tro'kæntər/n. [解剖] 转子；粗隆；昆虫的转节
this precaution has been omitted, 这种预防措施被省略了，
precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃn/n. 预防，警惕；预防措施vt. 警惕；预先警告
omit /əˈmɪt/vt. 省略；遗漏；删除；疏忽
百度翻译：
早期并发症
坐骨神经损伤
坐骨神经在10%-20%的情况下受损，但通常会恢复。在尝试还原前，必须测试和记录神经功能。如果在复位后诊断出坐骨神经损伤，则应探查神经以确保其不会被复位操作困住。恢复通常需要几个月的时间，同时必须保护肢体不受伤害，脚踝用夹板固定以克服足部下垂。
血管损伤
偶尔臀上动脉撕裂，出血量大。如果怀疑这一点，应进行动脉造影。这个
撕裂的血管可能需要结扎。
合并股骨干骨折
当这种情况与髋关节脱位同时发生时，脱位常被遗漏。这应该是一个规则，每一个股骨干骨折，臀部和转子触诊，髋关节清晰可见的x光。即使忽略了这一预防措施，如果发现横轴骨折的近端碎片内收，也应怀疑脱位。闭合复位脱位要困难得多。应立即切开复位髋关节，然后进行骨干骨折内固定。