骨科英文书籍精读（40）｜骨折晚期并发症之骨化性肌炎
MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS
Heterotopic ossification in the muscles sometimes occurs after an injury, particularly dislocation of the elbow or a blow to the brachialis, deltoid or quadriceps. It is thought to be due to muscle damage, but it
also occurs without a local injury in unconscious or paraplegic patients.
Clinical features
Soon after the injury, the patient (usually a fit young man) complains of pain; there is local swelling and soft-tissue tenderness. X-ray is normal but a bone scan may show increased activity. Over the next 2–3 weeks the pain gradually subsides, but joint movement is limited; x-ray may show fluffy calcification in the soft tissues. By 8 weeks the bony mass is easily palpable and is clearly defined in the x-ray.
Treatment
The worst treatment is to attack an injured and slightly stiff elbow with vigorous muscle-stretching exercises; this is liable to precipitate or aggravate the condition. The joint should be rested in the position of function until pain subsides; gentle active movements are then begun.
Months later, when the condition has stabilized, it may be helpful to excise the bony mass. Indomethacin or radiotherapy should be given to help prevent a recurrence.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》P720-721
重点词汇整理：
myositis ossificans 骨化性肌炎
Heterotopic ossification异位骨化
myositis /,maiəu'saitis/n. [外科] 肌炎，肌肉发炎
Heterotopic /,hetərə'tɔpik/adj. 异位的；异位素的；异原子序的
ossification /ˌɑːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 骨化；成骨；（思想的）僵化
brachialis肱肌
brachial/'brekɪəl/adj. 臂的，臂状的；肱的
deltoid /'dɛltɔɪd/n. 三角肌
quadriceps /ˈkwɑːdrɪseps/n. [解剖] 四头肌
unconscious/ʌnˈkɑːnʃəs/adj. 无意识的；失去知觉的；不省人事的；未发觉的
paraplegic /ˌpærəˈpliːdʒɪk/n. 截瘫病人，下身麻痹患者adj. 截瘫的，下身瘫痪的
soft-tissue tenderness软组织压痛
X-ray is normal but a bone scan may show increased activity. x光检查显示无异常，但骨骼扫描检查可能显示活动增强。
subside /səbˈsaɪd/vi. 平息；减弱；沉淀；坐下
fluffy/ˈflʌfi/adj. 蓬松的；松软的；毛茸茸的；无内容的
By 8 weeks the bony mass is easily palpable and is clearly defined in the x-ray.8周时，骨块易于触及，x线清晰可见。
palpable /ˈpælpəbl/adj. 可触知的；明显的；可感知的；易觉察的
stiff elbow肘关节僵硬
vigorous muscle-stretching exercises有力的肌肉伸展练习
precipitate /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/v. 使（坏事等）突然发生
aggravate/ˈæɡrəveɪt/vt. 加重；使恶化；激怒
in the position of function在功能位
Indomethacin/,indəu'meθəsin/n. [药] 消炎痛；吲哚美辛
radiotherapy/ˌreɪdioʊˈθerəpi/n. [特医] 放射疗法
百度翻译：
骨化性肌炎
肌肉异位骨化有时在受伤后发生，特别是肘关节脱位或肱骨、三角肌或四头肌受到打击。这被认为是由于肌肉损伤，但是
也发生在无意识或截瘫的患者身上，无局部损伤。
临床特征
伤后不久，病人（通常是健康的年轻人）抱怨疼痛；有局部肿胀和软组织压痛。x光检查显示无异常，但骨骼扫描检查可能显示活动增强。在接下来的2-3周内，疼痛逐渐减轻，但关节活动受限；x光片可能显示软组织中有绒毛状钙化。到8周时，骨块很容易触诊到，并且在x光片上清晰可见。
治疗
最糟糕的治疗方法是用剧烈的肌肉拉伸运动来攻击受伤的轻微僵硬的肘部；这容易导致病情恶化或恶化。关节应在功能位置休息，直到疼痛减轻；然后开始温和的主动活动。
几个月后，当病情稳定后，切除骨块可能会有帮助。消炎痛或放射治疗应帮助防止复发。