非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：
1. 不定式
①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）
②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）
③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）
④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）
⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）
⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）
The teacher told us to do morning exercises.
老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
老师进来时，她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.
据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.
据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.
据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词
①基本形式：doing （表示主动）
②被动式：being done（表示被动）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy
和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.
很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。
3. 现在分词
①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）
②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
He sat there，reading a newspaper.
他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.
这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.
完成作业后，我开始看电视。
Having been told many times，she still can t remember it.
已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。
4. 过去分词：done
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流；fallen leaves 落叶
注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）
学会一门外语是很难的。
It’s easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）
很容易见到他们的姑姑。
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）
汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。
His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）
他的愿望是当一名司机。
I have nothing to say.（作定语）
我没有什么可说的。
The teacher told us to do morning exercises . （作宾语补足语）
老师让我们做早操。
They went to see their aunt. （目的状语）
他们去见他们的姑姑。
2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。
Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）
学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）
我已经习惯了住农村。
His job is driving a bus.（作表语）
他的工作是开车。
3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语
The story is interesting.
这个故事有趣。
He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）
他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）
这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）
他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语
He is interested in the news.（作表语）
他对这则消息很感兴趣。
polluted river（做定语）
被污染的河流
Given more time,I can do my work better.（做状语）
如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。
I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）
我发现我的手表被偷了。
1. 须用省去to 的不定式（do）作宾补的11个动词。五看（see、watch、notice、observe、look at）根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......I see him make the phone call.我看到他打了电话。（他打电话的整个动作我都看见了）I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。（强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.）We often see him surrounded by much work.2. 只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse3. 只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事5. 所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语，如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（to be doing和doing）；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（to do和to be done）；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。（1）_____ all my money>A. Spending【答案与解析】D “已经花了所有的钱买车”做时间状语，所以其逻辑主语应是句子主语“我”。“我”与“花钱”之间应该是主动关系，并且“花钱”发生在谓语动作“can’t afford a holiday”之前，所以非谓语动词应用主动和完成的含义，故选“D”。（2）An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.【答案与解析】B “设计”在这里是定语，修饰其前的“an exercise method”，所以其逻辑主语应该是它的被修饰词“an exercise method”，所以表被动。因为“设计”这个动词在这里本身已经完成，所以应用表示被动完成含义的designed。（3）Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.【答案与解析】A ”知道，了解“在这里做宾补，所以其逻辑主语是其前的宾语”yourself“，”yourself“和”知道，了解“在这里是被动关系，所以选择过去分词”known“。1. (encourage) by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.2. (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.3. He had a wonderful childhood, (travel) with his mother to all corners of the world.4. (look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.5. The lady walked around the shops, (keep) an eye out for bargains.6. I have a lot of readings (complete) before the end of this term.7. It rained heavily in the south， (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.8. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano.9. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps (borrow) from the library.10. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank (buy) presents for my dad.11. (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.12. With the government’s aid, those (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.13. (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.14. The news shocked the public, (lead) to great concern about students’ safety at school.15. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ( send) supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.16. (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.17. (remind) not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.18. (give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow the international stars.19. The children all turned (look) at the famous actress as she entered the classroom.20. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, (kill) all four people on board.21. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, (compare) with his old one.22. — Did the book give the information you needed?— Yes. But (find) it，I had to read the entire book.23. (throw) their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.24. We finished the run in less than half the time (allow).25. The trees (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.26. (complete) the project as planned，we’ll have to work two more hours a day.27．I’m tired out．I stayed up the whole night, (study) for my midterm math exam．28. (raise) people’s living standards, the central government will take more measures in the coming years.29. He told me to start early, (remind) me that the roads would be crowded.30. (import) from other countries, sand painting is now being recognized in China for its uniqueness and creativity.31． (live) in the country, we h
ad few social activities．
32. She seems to prefer (watch) American TV Shows to talking to me．33． (control) her emotion, she buried her face in her hands．34. The reporter apologized for any misunderstandings (cause) by his article on that film star.35. (lower) the housing price, several measures have been adopted in the last two years.36. Programmes, (design) to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world．37. (gain) valuable experience, he asked to be sent to remote areas.38. The seats (reserve) for children and seniors are right at the front of the buses.39．Many things such as going abroad and owning a car, (consider) impossible in
the past, are now very common．
40. After a long absence, I went back to college, (hope) to pick up where I’d left off.41. Was it (hold) the international conference that made the city the focus of this area?42. I’m sorry I was late. (make) up for it, let me treat you to a meal.43. (save) power, turn off the hot water after you are done showering.44. A person, when (challenge), can often do what is normally beyond his ability.45. (offer) a better position at IBM, he became more and more confident of his ability.46. Today, people are paying more and more attention to their health, (make) books on keeping healthy extremely hot．47. More than a quarter of the energy (use) in the United States goes to moving people and goods from one place to another.48. The reporter apologized for any misunderstandings (cause) by his article on that film star.49. Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when (read) on the Internet by millions of people.50. Not (impress) with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them．1. Encouraged
3.Traveling/
Travelling
5. keeping
7. causing
9. borrowed
11. Seen
13. To complete
15. sending
17. Reminded
19. to look
21. compared
23. Throwing
25. blown
27. studying
29. reminding
31. Living
33. To control
35. To lower
37. To gain
39. considered
41. holding
43. To save
45. Offered
47. used
49. read
2. Approaching
4. Looking
6. to complete
8. questioned
10. to buy
12. affected
14. leading
16. Bitten
18. Given
20. killing
22. to find
24. allowed
26. To complete
28. To raise
30. Imported
32. watching
34. caused
36. designed
38. reserved
40. hoping
42. To make
44. challenged
46. making
48. caused
50. impressed
