糖尿病,吸烟?!
AD知识普及
糖尿病
本身具有糖尿病患痴呆的风险是没有糖尿病患者的1.6倍[1] , 痴呆的风险随着糖尿病的持续时间和严重程度而增加。不同的糖尿病药物对认知或痴呆结果的影响尚不清楚。
吸烟
吸烟者比不吸烟者患痴呆症的风险更高,同时他们有更高的风险死于患上老年痴呆之前。
停止吸烟,即使年纪大了,也能降低患老年痴呆的风险。 一项研究表明[2],戒烟超过4年,在随后的8年中患痴呆的风险大大降低。
在世界范围内,大约有35%的不吸烟成年人和40%的儿童接触二手烟[3]; 一项研究表明,暴露于二手烟与更多的记忆恶化有关,随着暴露时间的延长而恶化程度越高[4]。
参考文献
[1] Chatterjee S, Peters SA, Woodward M, Mejia Arango S, Batty GD, Beckett N, Beiser A, Borenstein AR, Crane PK, Haan M, Hassing LB, Hayden KM, Kiyohara Y, Larson EB, Li CY, Ninomiya T, Ohara T, Peters R, Russ TC, Seshadri S, Strand BH, Walker R, Xu W, Huxley RR. Type 2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Dementia in Women Compared With Men: A Pooled Analysis of 2.3 Million People Comprising More Than 100,000 Cases of Dementia. Diabetes Care. 2016 Feb;39(2):300-7. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1588. Epub 2015 Dec 17. PMID: 26681727; PMCID: PMC4722942.
[2] Choi D, Choi S, Park SM. Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2018 Sep 5;5(10):1192-1199. doi: 10.1002/acn3.633. PMID: 30349854; PMCID: PMC6186929.
[3] Oberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, Prüss-Ustün A. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet. 2011 Jan 8;377(9760):139-46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61388-8. PMID: 21112082.
[4] Pan X, Luo Y, Roberts AR. Secondhand Smoke and Women's Cognitive Function in China. Am J Epidemiol. 2018 May 1;187(5):911-918. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx377. PMID: 29370335.