主谓一致作为基础的语法点,在考试中常与其他必考点结合出现,没学懂的同学经常会被绕晕,今天小编就为大家总结了高中英语主谓一致用法全汇总,大家一定要把这部分内容捋清楚。1主谓一致的概念主谓一致是指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。“主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定式作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词的一致等。2名词作主语01某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看电视。这类名词有audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。02某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那个贼。03单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如:A sheep is over there.那边有只羊。Some sheep are over there.那边有些羊。04名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。如:The doctor’s is across the street.诊所在街道的对面。My uncle’s is not far from here.我叔叔家离这儿不远。常见的省略名词有the baker’s,the barber’s,the carpenter’s,the Zhang’s等。表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。如:Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.理查德店有很多货物要卖。05当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。如:Three years has passed since then.自从那时到现在,三年已经过去了。Three years has passed since then.自从那时到现在,三年已经过去了。06不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.孩子们都想去看电影。07如果主语有more than one...或many a...构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:More than one student has read the book. 很多学生读过这本书。但是,“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如:More members than one are against your plan. 许多成员反对你的计划。08一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。如:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of,a pair of ,a series of等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:A pair of shoes was on the desk.桌子上有一双鞋。09this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语动词用单数;短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)(这一类人),但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数。men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数,all kinds of后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如:This kind of men is dangerous.这一种人很危险。Men of this kind are dangerous.这种类型的人很危险。10复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数。反之,谓语用复数。这类名词有means(方法),works(工厂),species(种类),Chinese,Japanese等。如:The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。The(These)glass works are near the railway station.这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。当它们前面有a,such a ,this,that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语用复数;但means,no means,the means等词前没有以上修饰词时,可用作单数,也可用作复数。11如果名词词组中心词是all,most,half,rest等词语,所指的复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;反之,用单数。如:All of my classmates like music.我的同学都喜欢音乐。All of the water is gone.所有的水都没了。12在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:Between the two windows hangs a picture.两窗户间挂着一幅画。3由连接词连接的名词作主语01用and或both...and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。如:Plastics and rubber never rot.橡胶和塑料永不腐烂。Walking and riding are good exercises.散步和骑车是很好的运动。但是,并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如:To love and to be loved is great happiness.爱与被爱是种幸福。Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是种好习惯。A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有副刀叉。02当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数据这些词前面的主语而定。如:The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.老师和学生都在图书馆里看书。03以or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如:Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.汤姆和哥哥们在房间里等着。4代词作主语01名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如:Ours (Our Party) is a great party.我们的党是个伟大的党。02such,the same起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如:Such is our plan.那就是我们的计划。Such are his words.那就是他的话。03关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的请举手。Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。04疑问代词who,what,which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如:Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.谁住在隔壁?是小刘。What produce(s) heat? 什么产生热量?05不定代词any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主语时,有以下两种情况: 单独作主语时,视其在文中的意义,动词用单数或复数形式。如:Now all has been changed.现在都变了。 All are present.所有人都到场了。either,neither单独作主语时,谓语通常用单数。但后接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词当然用单数形式,若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更常用。如:Do(es) any of you know his address? 你们当中有谁知道他的地址吗?None of them has (have) seen the film.他们当中没人看过这部电影。5分数、量词作主语01“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如:About three fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.地球的四分之三被水覆盖。Three fifths of the workers here are women.这个地方五分之三的工人是妇女。和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”,但是“the number of+名词”的中心词却是number,试比较:A number of students have gone home.许多学生都回家了。The number of pages in this book is two hundred.这本书中的页码是二百。注意:(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数, Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.大量的食物在桌子上。短语in quantity,in large quantities意为“大量”;in small quantities意为“少量”。02a great deal of ,a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。如:Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大量的钱花在了这座桥上。03表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌子上有一个半香蕉。04half of,(a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。6名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数,这类词有the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dumb,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等。但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。如:The blind study in special schools.盲人在特殊的学校学习。7从句作主语01由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式如:What we need is more time.我们所需要的是更多的时间。What we need are doctors.我们所需要的是医生。02在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应是复数形式。如:This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told. 这是讲过的最有趣的故事之一。但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如:She was the only one of the girls who was late.她是惟一一位迟到的女生。