R数据分析:交叉滞后模型基础与实例解析
我们看着这个图,可以自然而然地写出来这两个方程:
The fact that prior levels of the outcome construct are controlled for allows one to rule out the possibility that a cross-lagged effect is due simply to the fact that X and Y were correlated at time 1.
The preceding model can be extended to more than two occasions and more than two constructs. The autoregressive and cross-lagged effects retain the same meaning.
交叉滞后的优势
path models, such as the panel model,should be avoided because they do not begin with an explicit statement of the expected change process
但是对变量间的具体变化并不关心的时候,交叉滞后不失为一种好方法,好处体现在:
对相互作用(Reciprocal Effects)的研究上
Results from a panel analysis can be used to determine whether cross-lagged effects occur in both directions (i.e., whether X1 predicts Y2 and Y1 predicts X2) and to assess the relative strength of the cross-lagged effects. For example, data based on the observation of a parent–child dyad could be analyzed to see whether a parent’s behavior affects the child’s subsequent behavior or the child’s behavior affects the parent’s subsequent behavior and even to see which of the two cross-lagged effects is stronger.
对中介效应(Mediation)的研究上
很多人都是随便拉3个有关系的变量就开始做中介,这个不好评价,水水论文嘛,但是更好更清晰地说明中介效应的存在,应该使用面板数据的分析:
The longitudinal nature of the data from the panel design provides an advantage over mediation models estimated using cross-sectional data
对调节效应(Moderation)的研究上
交叉滞后中的测量不变性
It addresses only the equivalence of measurement of the construct to ensure that the differences in the constructs are true differences
The basic idea of factorial invariance is that if the construct changes over time, then this change is conveyed as changes in all the indicators in the same direction and the same amount.
交叉滞后面板模型和因果推断
Two fundamental aspects of causal inference:
First, by measuring putative causes prior to the effects, temporal precedence of the cause is supported, and
Second, by simultaneously modeling the unique effect of several causes, it may be possible to support a causal explanation of one variable over another.
the putative causes often cannot be manipulated or cannot be manipulated independently from other variables in the model. In addition,proper causal inference rests on model assumptions such as including all relevant predictors.As noted earlier, this assumption can be difficult to establish.
交叉滞后的时间间隔
Most panel designs measure all variables on a fixed lag schedule. The fact that all variables are measured at the same time implicitly assumes that the time for the cross-lagged effect of X on Y and Y on X is the same
实例解析
交叉滞后分析的结果如下图(p均<0.01),可以用lavaan做,也可以用Mplus做:
Consistent with our previous discussion of the use of panel models for causal inference,we do not see these results as support for a causal effect of maternal depressive symptoms on child internalizing behavior or of child internalizing behavior on maternal depressive symptoms.
The present analyses identify an interesting association that warrants further research, but with only two variables in the model and given the impossibility of manipulating either maternal depressive symptoms or child internalizing behavior, the results should not be used to bolster a causal claim without further supporting evidence.
本文参考文献:
Selig, James & Little, Todd. (2012). Autoregressive and cross-lagged panel analysis for longitudinal data.
Little, Todd & Preacher, K & Selig, James & Card, N. (2007). New developments in latent variable panel analyses of longitudinal data. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 31. 357-365.
小结