JIPB|山东师范大学生科院利用CRISPR/Cas法创造世界首个芳香型玉米

香气是水稻育种的重要品质指标。例如，香米品种印度香米和茉莉香米，带有爆米花般的香味，在全世界都很受欢迎，并且通常要求高价。2- 乙酰基 -1- 吡咯啉(2-acetyl-1-pyrroline，简称2AP)是香稻中200多种挥发性物质中的关键香味化合物。除了水稻以外，还有多种植物存在天然芳香种质，这些种质都表现出较低的甜菜碱 aldehyde 2(BADH2)活性。然而，在玉米中还没有相应的芳香族种质被描述。本文对玉米 BADH2同源基因 ZmBADH2a 和 ZmBADH2b 进行了鉴定。利用 CRISPR/Cas 技术在4个自交系中分别获得了 zmbadh2a 和 zmbadh2b 单突变体和 zmbadh2a-zmbadh2b 双突变体。只有双突变体的种子有爆米花般的香味，单突变体和野生型的种子都没有爆米花般的香味。结果表明，双突变体的鲜籽粒和干籽粒中仅检测到2AP，其累积量在0.028ー0.723 mg/kg 2AP 之间。这些结果表明，ZmBADH2a 和 ZmBADH2b 参与了玉米2AP 的生物合成，并且通过对这两个 BADH2基因的同步基因组编辑，创造了世界上第一个香料玉米

Aroma is an important quality parameter for breeding in rice (Oryza sativa). For example, the aromatic rice varieties basmati and jasmine rice, with a popcorn-like scent, are popular worldwide and routinely command a price premium. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is a key scent compound among over 200 volatiles identified in fragrant rice. A naturally fragrant germplasm exists in multiple plant species besides rice, which all exhibit lower activity of BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2 (BADH2). However, no equivalent aromatic germplasm has been described in maize (Zea mays). Here, we characterized the two maize BADH2 homologs, ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b. We generated zmbadh2a and zmbadh2b single mutants and the zmbadh2a-zmbadh2b double mutant by CRISPR/Cas in four inbred lines. A popcorn-like scent was only noticeable in seeds from the double mutant, but not from either single mutant or in wild type. In agreement, we only detected 2AP in fresh kernels and dried mature seeds from the double mutant, which accumulated between 0.028 and 0.723 mg/kg 2AP. These results suggest that ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b redundantly participate in 2AP biosynthesis in maize, and represent the creation of the world's first aromatic maize by simultaneous genome editing of the two BADH2 genes

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