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2/28

Nixon visit to China

When

Where

Who

What

When：Feb 28, 1972

Who：President Richard Nixo、Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai

What：As the concluding act of President Richard Nixon’s historic visit to China, the president and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai issued a joint statement summarizing their agreements (and disagreements) of the visit.

Why

significant

The “Shanghai Communique” set into motion the slow process of the normalization of relations between the U.S. and China, two former Cold War enemies.

It summarized the areas of agreement and disagreement between the U.S. and the PRC at the end of Nixon’s visit. In one section of the document, their differences concerning events in Asia were apparent. The PRC restated its support for North Vietnam, while the U.S. steadfastly supported South Vietnam. On Korea, the Chinese stressed the need for “unification,” while the U.S. pressed for a “relaxation” of diplomatic tensions between North and South Korea.

However, the two nations also stressed their sense of unity on a number of general themes, including the need for peaceful coexistence between the East and West. Much of the statement concerned the Nationalist Chinese government on Taiwan. This was a point of tremendous importance, for the PRC declared that it would not begin diplomatic relations with the U.S. until the latter cut its diplomatic ties to Taiwan. In the statement, Nixon promised to slowly reduce the American military presence on Taiwan. Finally, the statement noted that both China and the U.S. would encourage greater contact through increased trade and travel by each nation’s citizens.

The Shanghai Communique set the stage for a dramatic reversal in the U.S. policy toward China. Since 1949, the U.S. had recognized the Nationalist regime In Taiwan as the government of China. It had consistently refused efforts to have the PRC government represented in the United Nations. After 1972, relations between the U.S. and the PRC began to warm. By the end of the administration of Jimmy Carter (1977-1981), the U.S. had—in one of the most surprising twists of the Cold War—severed diplomatic relations with Taiwan and formally extended diplomatic recognition of the PRC.

Tags

Cold War