朴门永续是什么-杰夫罗顿在Tedx的演讲

周日·生命

I'm an international permaculture designer and teacher.

我是一名国际朴门永续设计师和老师。

My teacher and mentor is Bill Mollison, the founder of permaculture.

我的老师兼导师是朴门永续设计的创始人比尔·莫里森（ Bill Mollison）。

Permaculture is a movement

朴门永续设计是一种运动

that now works everywhere in the world, in every single country,

现在这种运动在世界各地，在每个国家都可以见到

and it's connected on the Internet,

此外，互联网将各地的朴友连接了起来

we have a worldwide permaculture network.

我们拥有一个覆盖全球的朴友网络

Permaculture's a system that was founded because of the evidence

朴门永续设计是基于事实而建立的体系

that there are so many problems in our world

事实是这个世界存在许多问题

that have been created because of the resources

由于资源短缺，所以出现了这些问题

that have been required to supply the needs of humanity,

而资源是用来满足人类的需求的

and rather than defining the or protesting the problems,

朴门永续设计不是简单地指出或抗议这些问题

permaculture defines the solutions and directs positive action.

相反，朴门永续设计找出了解决办法，指导人类积极行动

It's an ethical design system.

它是一个合乎伦理的设计体系

It's a system that takes the knowledge of nature,

它是一个与自然知识相符合的系统 ，

the knowledge of natural systems,

与自然系统知识相符合的系统，

and uses the connectivity of the elements to create a system

通过将各元素连接起来构成一个系统

that provides the needs of humanity

这个系统满足了人类所需

in the way that endlessly enriches the life on Earth and the living systems.

用一种不断丰富地球上生命系统的方式

It uses ecosystem modeling,

它以生态系统为模型

where ecosystems and their connections between elements and principals

在那个模型里，生态系统的种类及其要素和主体之间的联系

continuously stabilize, and enrich,

得到了持续的稳定和丰富，

and develop systems that increase diversity

并且建立了多样性更大的系统

so biodiversity increases,

所以，生物的多样性增加了，

and biomass increases,

生物量也增加了，

and beneficial microbiology in soils increase.

同时，土壤中有益微生物的数量也增加了。

This is a priority as a foundation for productivity

要提高生产力，这是我们首先要做的

because ecosystems have provided all the resources

因为生态系统提供了所有的资源

that we presently use  for the production and consumption economy.

目前，我们正利用这些资源来为生产和消费经济服务

Regeneration usually starts with water harvesting systems,

资源再生通常从集水系统开始，

and water is life.

因为水就是生命。

In 2001, we established the new Permaculture Research Institute in Australia,

2001年，我们在澳大利亚建立了新的朴门永续设计研究所，

and the first thing we did was put in water-harvesting swales and dams.

首要之事就是建立水收集系统，等高线集水沟和池塘

In that year, we had the largest drought in 100 years,

那一年，我们遭遇了100年来最严重的旱灾，

yet our system, earlier in that year,

但是，我们的系统，在那一年的早些时候，

had harvested enough water to recharge the landscape,

积聚了足够多的水，用以给那片地区补水

enough that we'd actually created one new spring.

让我们创造了第二个春天

People in the area were short on water.

这个地区的降水很少

Many springs had stopped flowing.

许多泉水已经停止了流动。

And our landscape started to stand out in this dry and difficult situation.

在那种极其干旱和困难的情形下，我们改造的那片地区开始突显出来

So people came to visit us to see how we

人们都纷纷来拜访我们，想知道我们是怎么做到的

as we were still irrigating, and our landscape was green

因为那时我们仍在灌溉，我们的那片区域仍然生机勃勃

they wanted to say, "Well, how is this possible?"

他们不禁问道：“这怎么可能？”

So we explained the design system,

我们向他们解释了我们的设计体系，

and most people's response was,

但是，大多数人的反应却是，

"Gee, you're lucky."

“哎呀，你们真幸运。”

Luck doesn't have anything to do with this.

但是，运气和那种情况没有任何关系。

It's the comprehension of design possibilities,

相反，它是对设计可能性的充分理解，

and starting with water, everything can then begin.

从水开始，一切就都可以成为可能了。

So, knowledge is something that all people should try and gather,

所以，知识是所有人都应该尝试并积累的东西，

but particularly permaculture designers,

特别是对朴门永续设计师而言，

because it's from the knowledge that we gain

因为朴门永续设计来自我们获得的知识

that we can feel secure

从中获得安全感

that we can have a sustainable future.

我们可以拥有一个可持续的未来

It's the knowledge that gives us that feeling

正是知识给了我们这种感觉

that, okay, there is a design solution that we can come up with,

也是知识让我们能够想出一个设计方案，

there is a way to work with supplying our resources in a sustainable way.

以可持续的方式向我们提供资源。

So, we can become the most positive element in the environment

所以，我们可以成为环境中最积极的元素

rather than the most negative.

而不是最消极的。

Humanity can be as positive in the environment,

人类在环境中的作用也可以是积极的，

creating more environmental richness than any other element.

与其他任何元素相比，人类更能够增加环境的丰富度。

We can be as positive as we are presently negative.

我们可以变得积极一些，因为目前我们比较消极。

Permaculture starts with ethics,

朴门永续设计始于伦理，

it's an ethical design science,

它是一种基于伦理的设计科学，

and it starts with Earth care, people care,

它的出发点是照顾地球，关爱人类，

and return the surplus to the first two ethics.

回馈盈余给前两条

It's a holistic design science.

它是一种整体设计科学。

It's not just about farming and gardening.

它不仅与农业和园艺有关

It makes connections between water harvesting, soil creation,

它还建立了许多种联系，把集水、土壤改造，

the supply of useful living resources, energy systems, waste systems,

有用生物资源的供给、能源系统、废料系统

local economics, and people systems

本地经济和人类系统联系起来，

to create a permanent culture.

目的是创造一种永续的文化。

It's a system that allows you to feel comfortable with infinity.

它是一个系统，可以让你感到无比的舒适

It's a system that allows you to feel comfortable

它是一个让人感觉十分舒服的系统

and understand how to act globally, how to think globally,

知道如何培养一种国际化的思维和行为方式，

and how to take a position anywhere on this planet

如何在地球上有立锥之地，

and have a positive influence, a positive direction to act.

并充满正能量，积极地行动，

Go into service for the greater good of the planet

加入让地球更好的事业中，

People come into permaculture,

人们开始参与到朴门永续设计中来，

inquiring towards the permaculture system are increasing exponentially,

他们对朴门永续设计的系统的询问呈指数增长。

and many people want to go into service for the greater good of the planet.

许多人为了更好地保护地球而加入我们。

They realize that we have to work with biology,

他们意识到我们必须对生物展开研究，

global biology, that builds resources

对全球的生物展开研究，因为那是资源所在

because it's the global biology that we can stimulate

因为我们可以利用的就是全球的生物

and supply the resources that presently are depleted.

生物可以给人类提供目前已经枯竭的资源。

We've had an evolution

我们经历了一次演变

but an evolution in technology.

但是是科技的演变。

We need to evolve a different way of thinking.

我们需要形成一种不同的思维方式。

We need an evolution of humanity

我们人类也需要一次演变，

that sees a design priority to move towards a functional ecology economy.

让我们明白在迈向功能性生态经济的过程中，设计的重要性

The functional-ecology economy is larger and always was larger

功能性生态经济的范围一直以来都比较广

than the production-consumption ecology.

相对而言，生产-消费生态学的范围就比较小

And once we turn around and orientate towards that as a solution,

但是，当我们改变方向，把功能性生态经济作为一种解决办法时，

we all go into an Earth repair mode.

那么，我们就进入了一种地球修复模式。

It is a design priority direction.

这是在设计时要优先考虑的方向。

If we don't look at the way we supply our resources,

如果我们不反思自己利用资源的方式，

if we don't use design,

如果我们不借助设计，

then we cannot really call our present situation civilized or developed.

那么，我们就不能认为目前的生活状态是文明的或发达的。

If we move towards living resources,

但是，如果我们转向了生物资源，

if we move towards sensible energy auditing,

如果我们进行了明智的能源审计，

then we can say, we live in a civilized world and a developed world

那么，我们才可以说，我们生活在一个文明和发达的世界

that has an abundance of clean air,

那里有充足的新鲜空气，

an abundance of clean water,

充足的洁净水资源，

an abundance of clean food,

丰富的健康食品，

sensible, energy-efficient housing,

设计合理、能源利用高效的住房，

warmth, and good community,

温馨美好的社区，

then we can say we are civilized and developed.

那样我们才可以说我们是文明的以及我们发展的很好。

I've been privileged to work on design teams for carbon-neutral cities,

我有幸在碳中和城市的设计团队工作，

but I think we really need to realize

但我认为我们确实需要认识到

that we can go way beyond carbon neutral,

我们可以不局限于碳中和，

we can go into carbon-positive design for cities.

我们可以进行城市的碳应用设计。

Cities that are a beneficial element to the global environment.

城市对全球环境而言，是一个非常有利的元素

There are many opportunities in cities,

城市里有很多机会，

by design，Cities have shade,

通过设计，城市可以拥有绿荫，

cities have sun-traps,

城市可以将热量吸收掉。

cities have thermal mass heat gain.

城市也可以将热量积聚起来

They create microclimates;

它们可以形成小型气候；

they run off an abundance of rainwater as stormwater;

它们可以处理大量的雨水

they run off an abundance of grey water and nutrient-rich sewage water.

他们也可以处理大量的脏水和富营养化的污水。

They're all design potential opportunities.

他们都是由设计带来的可能。

If we look at urban agriculture,

如果我们对都市农业进行分析。

it's the highest production per square meter.

会发现它每平方米的产量是最高的。

It is the most efficient and the most effective

它利用资源的方式是最高效的和最佳的

because it can take an opportunity of all the design elements that can be included in a city,

因为它可以利用包含在城市中的所有设计元素

all the opportunities.

利用一切的可能。

If we move to the outside of cities,

如果我们将目光移到城市外面，

we have an opportunity to produce the largest amount of food per area in perimeter urban agriculture,

我们有机会在城市外围生产出更多的粮食

with very little cost of transport,

运输费用很低，

very little cost of employment,

用工成本很低，

the most efficient

方式是最高效的

and the opportunities of the waste streams and surplus products of the city close at hand.

减少城市的垃圾流和产品剩余的机会就近在咫尺了。

Outside of that are the larger landscapes of rangeland and forestry,

在那片区域之外，还有更大的牧场和森林

where the forests, mixed-forest systems,complement rangeland grazing systems

在那里，有森林，混合林，牧场

where animals go through cycles of grazing and browsing,

在那里，人们将放牧和恢复牧场交替进行，

and complement each other to stabilize the environment as long-term elements.

二者互为补充，人们将环境稳定性作为长期考虑的因素。

Outside of that again, you have the major ecosystems of the world

从那片区域进一步往外看，你们将看到地球的主要生态系统，

which have been wholly damaged

它已经遭到了严重的破坏，

to a point where we are threatening our own extinction.

破坏程度达到了人类可能会灭绝的地步，

Because the major resources that we use

因为我们使用的主要的资源，

come from the stability of the major ecosystems of the world.

来自于地球这个主要生态系统的稳定。

It is possible to recover very large areas of ecosystems

恢复大面积的生态系统是有可能的

and increase our productive area from the result.

并在此基础上增加我们的生产面积。

These are the systems that stabilize our water, our climate,

这些系统可以让我们的水资源和气候保持稳定

and give us the nutrient flows

并且形成了养分流，

that make our own system, our own productive system, more efficient

这使得我们的体系，我们的生产体系更加高效，

so that we can gain the same amount of production out of 40 percent of our present area used

这样, 我们使用40％的土壤面积，就可以获得与现在同等的产量，

while stabilizing the climate.

同时还可以稳定气候。

Carbon is presently in the atmosphere and a problem is then embedded into the soil

目前如何将大气中的储存于土壤中是一个难题，

where it is the basis of soil fertility.

因为碳是土壤肥力的基础。

So by setting up these systems to moderate our needs

因此，建立这些系统可以调节我们的需求，

and to give us a better efficiency in production,

并增加我们的生产效率，

we can moderate climate,

我们可以调节气候，

and we can mitigate a lot of the problems that we now have globally,

我们可以缓解许多全球问题，

and major projects have been achieved already,

目前，主要的项目已经完成了，

and whole countries are going into rehabilitation of their ecosystems,

每个国家都希望恢复自己的生态系统，

using appropriate global biology.

利用适当的全球生物学，

with present technology,

采用现代技术，

with the wisdom of ancient people,

借鉴古代人民的智慧，

the lessons of natural systems,

吸取大自然给予的教训，

and the knowledge that the permaculture movement has been accumulating,

运用朴门永续设计运动所积累的知识，

and is still accumulating and sharing with the world.

并且还在不断一边积累，一边与世界共享。

Education centers are key to this.

教育是这方面的关键。

Education is an imperative that we increase the knowledge

教育是增加知识的必要手段，

through education of permaculture design worldwide

这一目标可以通过在全球范围内开展朴门永续设计教育来实现

with demonstration, on appropriate land that is typical of local area

事实表明，在具有当地特色的土地上，

so people can see the examples and learn design as a system.

人们可以看到这些例子，并将设计作为一个系统来学习。

Urban and rural education centers are both needed

在城市和农村开展这方面的教育都是必要的

where people can take a Design Certificate course over two weeks,

人们可以参加为期两周的设计课程，

and then go on to take a ten-week practical internship

然后进行为期十周的实习，

where they can fast-track their career to go into service

这样一来，他们可以快速地把学到的知识投入实际操作中

and help people extend these systems while we have time,

并且在我们有时间的时候，还可以帮助人们扩展这些系统，

with the appropriate resources we have available to us,

我们采用的方法是利用现有的合适的资源

and that are convenient to us now.

现在这对我们来说是非常方便的。

The Middle East is an absolute ideal location.

中东无疑是一个理想的地方。

It's a well-known area of harsh dry climate

众所周知，它是一个极度干旱的地区

where the results are obvious and blatant,

但是在那里，成果会很明显

and give people a real hope that worldwide, this can be achieved.

并且带给全世界人民真正的希望：那样的情况是能够实现的。

It's an area where people have lived in harsh adversity,

中东人民的自然生活条件非常糟糕

and where the people have a belief

但是，他们却有一种信仰

that one day it will be green completely.

相信总有一天中东会长满绿植。

We can do this all now.

其实，我们现在就可以做到那样，

We have the technology,

我们拥有技术，

we have the global biology

我们掌握了全球生物学知识，

to give us those carbon pathways of efficiency.

为我们提供了处理碳的高效方法。

We should use the resources we have available to us

我们应该利用现有的资源

and that are convenient to us right now

以及现在，对我们而言，很方便的资源

to go in a completely different direction with functioning ecosystem economy.

以生态经济为指导，朝着完全不同的方向前进。

Thank you.

谢谢。

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