每课一句：新概念英语第1册第83课
【往期回顾】
接下来，我们就来看看第83课的“每课一句”。
一、课文原文
Lesson 83 Going on holiday
Hello, Sam. Come in.
Hi, Sam. We’re having lunch. Do you want to have lunch with us?
No, thank you, Tom. I’ve already had lunch. I had lunch at half past twelve.
Have a cup of coffee then.
I’ve just had a cup, thank you. I had one after my lunch.
Let’s go into the living room, Carol. We can have our coffee there.
Excuse the mess, Sam. This room’s very untidy. We’re packing our suitcases. We’re going to leave tomorrow. Tom and I are going to have a holiday.
Aren’t you lucky!
When are you going to have a holiday, Sam?
I don’t know. I’ve already had my holiday this year.
Where did you go?
I stayed at home!
——选自《新概念英语》第一册，外语教学与研究出版社，1997年10月第1版
二、每课一句
I've already had lunch.
本课开始学习新的时态——现在完成时。
一、基本用法
现在完成时主要用来描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果。这个过去的事情可能已经结束，有可能持续到现在还在进行。如：
I have seen the film.
I have lived here for ten years.
第一句中看电影的动作已经结束，而第二句话中居住在这儿的动作却可能一直在持续。
二、构成方式
现在完成时中动词的构成方式为：
have/has done
其中，have/has为助动词，可缩略为“'ve/'s”。done为动词的过去分词。
因为have/has是助动词，所以其否定句只要在have/has后面加not，其疑问句，只要把have/has提到句子前面。
如：
肯定句：He has had breakfast.
否定句：He has not had breakfast.
一般疑问句：- Has he had breakfast? - Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.
三、动词的过去分词
动词的过去分词分规则变化和不规则变化，本课只出现了动词have的过去分词，即：had。
四、标志词
本课出现的现在完成时的标志词是already和just。
1、already
表“已经；早就”。它一般放在助动词have/has后面和过去分词前面，但有时也可以放在句末。already可以用于疑问句，但一般不能用于否定句中；如果其所在的句子改为否定句，要么把already去掉，要么把already改为yet，但一般放到句末。如：
肯定句：I have already had dinner.
否定句：I have not had dinner. / I have not had dinner yet.
一般疑问句：- Have you already had dinner? - Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
2、just
表“刚刚”。它一般放在助动词have/has后面和过去分词前面，可以用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。如：
肯定句：She has just had a cake.
否定句：She has not just had a cake.
一般疑问句：- Has she just had a cake? - Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.
三、更多拓展
I had lunch at half past twelve.
在课文中，这句话与其前一句话“I've already had lunch”相比，同样是表示吃了午饭，前一句话用现在完成时，是为了强调结果，因为他已经吃过饭了，所以现在不想吃了。
而本句话却采用了一般过去时，是因为这句话是在客观描述吃中饭发生的具体时间，并不强调对现在的影响。
