智能机器人在某些方面表现可能会超过人类 | 科技外刊

Last year, Google unveiled Duplex, its artificial intelligence powered assistant.

去年，谷歌推出了人工智能助手Duplex。

"How can I help you?"

“我能帮你什么忙吗?”

"Hi, I'm calling to book a women's haircut for a client. Um, I'm looking for something on May 3rd."

“嗨，我打电话是想为一位女性客户预约做发型。嗯我想预约5月3日。”

That's a robot.

这是一个机器人。

"Sure, give me one second."

“当然，请给我一 秒钟。”

"Mm-hmm."

“嗯哼。”

"For what time are you looking for around?"

“你准备什么时间做?”

The machine assistant never identified itself as a bot in the demo.

在这个演示中，这台机器助手从未说明自己为机器人。

And Google got a lot of flak for that.

谷歌因此受到了诸多抨击。

They later clarified that they would only launch the tech with "disclosure built in."

谷歌后来澄清表示，他们只会在“内置披露”的情况下推出这项技术。

But therein lies a dilemma, because a new study in the journal Nature Machine Intelligence suggests that a bot is most effective when it hides its machine identity.

但这也带来了一个难题，因为发表在《自然机器智能》杂志上的一项新研究表明，机器人在隐藏自己的机器身份时效率最高。

"That is, if it is allowed to pose as human."

“也就是说，如果允许机器人模仿人类。”

Talal Rahwan is a computational social scientist at New York University's campus in Abu Dhabi.

塔拉勒.拉万是纽约大学阿布扎比分校的计算社会科学家。

His team recruited nearly 700 online volunteers to play the prisoner's dilemma, a classic game of negotiation, trust and deception against either humans or bots.

他的团队招募了近700名在线志愿者来玩“囚徒困境”，这是一款经典的谈判、信任和欺骗游戏，玩家可以是人类或机器人。

Half the time, the human players were told the truth about who they were matched up against.

在一半的游戏时间里，人类玩家会被告知对手是谁。

The other half, they were told they were playing a bot when they were actually playing a human or that they were battling a human when, in fact, it was only a bot.

另一半人则被告知，他们实际上在和一个人玩，或者他们在和一个人战斗，但是，实际上，这个“人”是机器人。

And the scientists found that bots actually did remarkably well in this game of negotiation if they impersonated humans.

科学家发现，在模拟人类的谈判游戏中，机器人表现得非常好。

"When the machine is reported to be human,it outperforms humans themselves.

“当机器人被称之为人类时，它的表现好于人类。

So,It's more persuasive; it's able to induce cooperation and persuade the other opponent to cooperate more than humans themselves."

这更有说服力;比起人类，机器人能够引导合作，并说服对手进行合作。”

But whenever the bots' true nature was disclosed, their superiority vanished.

但是，只要机器人的真实身份暴露，它们的优势就会消失。

And Rahwan says that points to a fundamental conundrum.

拉万表示，这提出了一个根本性难题。

We can now build really efficient bots that perform tasks even better than we can, but their efficiency may be linked to their ability to hide their identity which, you know, feels ethically problematic.

现在，我们可以制造出高效的机器人来更好地完成任务，但是，它们的效率可能与其隐藏身份的能力有关,你知道，这在道德上是有问题的。

"Those very humans who will be deceived by the machine, they are the ones who ultimately have to make that choice.

“将被机器人欺骗的人最终不得不做出选择。

Otherwise it would violate fundamental values of autonomy, respect and dignity for humans."

否则，它将违背自主、尊重和人类尊严等基本价值见。”

It's not realistic to ask people for consent before every bot-human interaction.

每次人机互动之前征求人的同意并不现实。

That would, of course, reveal the bots' true identity.

当然，这将揭示机器人的真实身份。

So we, as a society, will have to figure out if making our lives a bit easier is worth interacting with bots that pretend to be human.

因此，对一个社会而言，我们必须弄清楚，与模仿人类的机器人互动能否让我们的生活更简单。

"Mm-hmm."

“嗯哼。”