Mukaiyama水合反应
在氧气存在下,烯烃经钴催化剂[Co(acac)2]或锰催化剂[Mn(dpm)3]催化与当量的硅烷反应得到烯烃的水合物的反应。此反应遵循马氏规则,锰催化剂(Mn(dpm)3)也可以催化此反应。此反应由Mukaiyama在1989年首先报道,利用Co(acac)2作为催化剂,在异丙醇中,利用氧气对烯烃进行水合反应【Chem. Lett. 1989, 449. DOI: 10.1246/cl.1989.449】。后来他们又发现了利用Mn(dpm)2作为催化剂,当量的PhSiH3,在O2存在下,可以将α,β-不饱和酯氧化为α-羟基酯,产率优于钴催化剂【Chem. Lett. 1990, 1869 . DOI: 10.1246/cl.1990.1869】。Philip Magnus课题组研究发现反应中起作用的是三价锰,他们在Mn(dpm)3 (3 mol%)/PhSiH3 (1.3 equiv.)/isopropyl alcohol/O2条件下,将α,β-不饱和酮氧化为α-羟基酮【Tetrahedron Letters, 2000, 41, 9725–9730】。
反应机理
图片来源:https://cheminfographic.wordpress.com/2018/03/11/81-mukaiyama-hydration-1989/
三价锰催化机理:
【etrahedron Letters, 2000, 41, 9725–9730】
反应实例
【Chem. Lett. 1990, 1869 . DOI: 10.1246/cl.1990.1869】
【Tetrahedron Letters, 2000, 41, 9725–9730】
Typical procedure: To a solution of unsaturated nitrile 1a (105 mg, 0.776 mmol) and Mn(dpm)3 (14 mg, 3mol%) in i-PrOH (1 ml) under an oxygen atmosphere(balloon) at 0°C was added PhSiH3 (124 uL, 1.3 equiv.,1.01 mmol). After 10 min the ice bath was removed,and the reaction was allowed to stir for a further 1 h, at which point it was fifiltered through a silica plug (elutedwith ethyl acetate) and the residue purifified by flflashchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate, 9:1) to yield 64mg (54%) of cyanohydrin 2a as a clear oil.
【Tetrahedron Letters, 2001, 42, 4127–4129】
【 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 7241. DOI: 10.1021/ja8023466】
【Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3474. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109175】
参考资料
一、化学空间:向山水和反应 Mukaiyama Hydration