纯种边境牧羊犬长什么样？

注：该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU新官网-犬种百科

FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 297 号

BORDER COLLIE

边境牧羊犬

▲ 示例图，并不一定代表该犬种的理想类型

ORIGIN: Great-Britain

起源国：英国

UTILIZATION: Sheepdog.

用途：牧羊犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 1 Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs (except Swiss Cattle Dogs).

Section 1 Sheepdogs.

With working trial.

FCI分组：

第1组  牧羊犬和牧牛犬（除瑞士牧牛犬）

第1类  牧羊犬

有工作测试。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Well proportioned, smooth outline showing quality, gracefulness and perfect balance, combined with sufficient substance to give impression of endurance. Any tendency to coarseness or weediness undesirable.

整体外貌：

身体比例协调，流畅的外部线条体现出优雅和完美的平衡品质，身体结实，给人坚韧耐力强的感觉。任何粗糙或瘦弱的倾向都是不合要求的。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

Skull and foreface approximately equal in length. Body slightly longer than height at shoulder.

重要比例：

头骨和前脸在长度上大致相等。体长比肩高略长。

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT:

Tenacious, hard-working, of great tractability. Keen, alert, responsive and intelligent. Neither nervous nor aggressive.

行为/秉性：

顽强、勤勉且易驯服。敏锐、机警、反应迅速且聪明伶俐。不焦虑，无攻击性。

HEAD: 头部

CRANIAL REGION

颅部区域

Skull: Fairly broad, occiput not pronounced.

头骨：相当宽，枕骨不突出。

Stop:  Very distinct.

额段：非常明显

FACIAL REGION

面部区域

Nose:  Black, except in brown or chocolate colour when it may be brown. In blues nose hould be slate colour. Nostrils well developed.

鼻：黑色，棕色或巧克力毛色的犬只鼻子可以是棕色外。蓝色鼻子的犬只，鼻应为暗蓝灰色。鼻孔发育良好。

Muzzle:  Tapering to nose, moderately short and strong.

口吻：至鼻部逐渐变细，适当短且有力。

Jaws/Teeth: Teeth and jaws strong with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping lower teeth and set square to the jaws.

颌/牙齿：牙和颌部强壮，拥有完美且规则的完全剪状咬合，也就是说，上、下牙紧密交叉并成方形。

Cheeks: Not full or rounded.

颊：不丰满或圆润。

Eyes: Set wide apart, oval shaped, of moderate size, brown in colour except in merles where one or both or part of one or both may be blue. Expression mild, keen, alert and intelligent.

眼睛：两眼间距大，椭圆形，中等大小，眼睛为棕色，陨石色犬只的眼睛可以一只或两只眼睛为蓝色，或者一只、两只眼睛局部为蓝色。表情温和、敏锐、机警且聪颖。

Ears:  Medium size and texture, set well apart. Carried erect or semi-erect and sensitive in use.

耳朵：中等大小及质地，双耳分开。立耳或半立耳，对声音敏感。

NECK: Of good length, strong and muscular, slightly arched and broadening to shoulders.

颈部：长度适中，强壮，肌肉结实，略成拱形，至肩部渐宽。

BODY: 

躯干：

Athletic in appearance. Slightly longer than height at withers.

外形体格强健。体长比肩高略长。

Loin: Deep and muscular but not tucked up.

腰: 深且肌肉发达，但不向上收起。

Chest: Deep and rather broad, ribs well sprung.

臀：深，较宽，肋骨扩张良好。

TAIL: Moderately long, the bone reaching at least to hock, set on low, well-furnished and with an upward swirl towards the end, completing graceful contour and balance of dog. Tail may be raised in excitement, never carried over back.

尾：适度长，尾骨至少到跖骨，尾位低，毛量充足，尾尖向上弯曲，轮廓线优美，使身体均衡。兴奋时，尾部可能向上举起，但不会超过背部。

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS

四肢

前躯

FOREQUARTERS : Front legs parallel when viewed from front. Bone strong but not heavy.

前躯：从前面看，前腿相平行。骨骼强壮，但不沉重。

Shoulder : Well laid back.

肩：自然后倚。

Elbow: Close to body.

肘：靠近身体。

Metacarpus (Pastern): Slightly sloping when viewed from side.

掌骨（前腿系部）：从侧面看，略微倾斜。

Forefeet: Oval, pads deep, strong and sound, toes arched and close together. Nails short and strong.

前足：椭圆形，脚垫深、强壮且健全。脚趾拱起，紧密相连。趾甲短且强壮。

LIMBS

HINDQUARTERS

四肢

后躯

HINDQUARTERS ：Broad, muscular, in profile sloping gracefully to set on of tail.

后躯：宽，肌肉发达，侧面看，至尾根处有优雅的倾斜度。

Thigh: Long, deep and muscular.

大腿：长、深且肌肉发达。

Stifle (Knee): Well turned.

后膝关节：弯曲自然、灵活。

Hock joint: Strong, well let down.

跗关节：强壮，自然下垂。

Metatarsus (Rear pastern): From hock to ground, hind legs well boned and parallel when viewed from rear.

跖骨（后腿系部）：从后面看，从附关节至地面，后腿骨骼发育良好且相互平行。

Hind feet: Oval, pads deep, strong and sound, toes arched and close together. Nails short and strong.

后足：椭圆形，脚垫深、强壮且健全。脚趾拱起，紧密相连。趾甲短且强壮。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Free, smooth and tireless, with minimum lift of feet, conveying  impression of ability to move with great stealth and speed.

步态/动态：

自如、流畅、无疲倦感，脚部抬起幅度最小，运动时隐秘而快速。

COAT

被毛

Hair:

Two varieties : Moderately long or Smooth. In both, topcoat dense and medium textured, undercoat soft and dense giving good weather resistance. In the moderately long-coated variety, abundant coat forms mane, breeching and brush. On face, ears, forelegs (except for feather), hindlegs from hock to ground, hair should be short and smooth.

毛质：

两种：长毛或平毛。两种毛质，都是被毛浓厚，中等毛质，底毛柔软且厚，可应对天气变化。中等长度类型的毛质，丰富的被毛形成鬃毛，臀部毛发以及尾毛。面部，耳部，前腿（除饰毛外）和后腿从附关节到地面的毛发应短且顺。

Colour:

Variety of colours permissible. White should never predominate.

毛色: 允许各种颜色。白色绝不应占主色。

SIZE AND WEIGHT

尺寸和重量

Ideal height at withers :   Males : 53 cm (21 ins), Females : slightly less.

理想肩高： 公犬：53厘米（21英寸），母犬：略矮。

FAULTS:

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness, with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and on its ability to perform its traditional work.

缺陷：任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及此缺陷对犬只的健康和福利及履行传统工作的能力造成的影响成比例。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:

Aggressive or overly shy.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

失格缺陷：

有攻击性或过度羞怯。

任何身体或行为上明显失常的犬应视为失格。

N.B.：

· Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

· Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

· 公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸

· 只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。

▲ 犬只各部位名称（FCI标准通用）