Science子刊：甘氨酸通过多重机制，改善脂肪肝 | 热心肠日报
甘氨酸通过调节脂肪酸氧化、谷胱甘肽合成和肠道微生物组成来改善非酒精脂肪肝
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2841
12-02, Article
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has reached epidemic proportions with no pharmacological therapy approved. Lower circulating glycine is consistently reported in patients with NAFLD, but the causes for reduced glycine, its role as a causative factor, and its therapeutic potential remain unclear. We performed transcriptomics in livers from humans and mice with NAFLD and found suppression of glycine biosynthetic genes, primarily alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGXT1). Genetic (Agxt1−/− mice) and dietary approaches to limit glycine availability resulted in exacerbated diet-induced hyperlipidemia and steatohepatitis, with suppressed mitochondrial/peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and enhanced inflammation as the underlying pathways. We explored glycine-based compounds with dual lipid/glucose-lowering properties as potential therapies for NAFLD and identified a tripeptide (Gly-Gly-L-Leu, DT-109) that improved body composition and lowered circulating glucose, lipids, transaminases, proinflammatory cytokines, and steatohepatitis in mice with established NASH induced by a high-fat, cholesterol, and fructose diet. We applied metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to explore the underlying mechanisms. The bacterial genus Clostridium sensu stricto was markedly increased in mice with NASH and decreased after DT-109 treatment. DT-109 induced hepatic FAO pathways, lowered lipotoxicity, and stimulated de novo glutathione synthesis. In turn, inflammatory infiltration and hepatic fibrosis were attenuated via suppression of NF-κB target genes and TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Unlike its effects on the gut microbiome, DT-109 stimulated FAO and glutathione synthesis independent of NASH. In conclusion, impaired glycine metabolism may play a causative role in NAFLD. Glycine-based treatment attenuates experimental NAFLD by stimulating hepatic FAO and glutathione synthesis, thus warranting clinical evaluation.
First Authors:
Oren Rom
Correspondence Authors:
Oren Rom,Y Eugene Chen
All Authors:
Oren Rom,Yuhao Liu,Zhipeng Liu,Ying Zhao,JianFeng Wu,Alia Ghrayeb,Luis Villacorta,Yanbo Fan,Lin Chang,Lu Wang,Cai Liu,Dongshan Yang,Jun Song,Jason C Rech,Yanhong Guo,Huilun Wang,Guizhen Zhao,Wenying Liang,Yui Koike,Haocheng Lu,Tomonari Koike,Tony Hayek,Subramaniam Pennathur,Chuanwu Xi,Bo Wen,Duxin Sun,Minerva T Garcia-Barrio,Michael Aviram,Eyal Gottlieb,Inbal Mor,Wanqing Liu,Jifeng Zhang,Y Eugene Chen