骨科英文书籍精读（166）｜手外伤（5）
TISSUE REPAIR
Fractures are reduced and held appropriately (splintage, K-wires, external fixator or plate and screws) unless there is some specific contraindication.
Joint capsule and ligaments are repaired.
Artery and vein repair may be needed if the hand or finger is ischaemic. This done with the aid of an operating microscope. Any gap should be bridged with a vein graft.
Severed nerves are sutured under an operating microscope (or at least loupe magnification) with the finest, non-reactive material. If the repair cannot be achieved without tension then a nerve graft (e.g. from the posterior interosseous nerve at the wrist) should be performed. More recently, dissolvable nerve guides have been used to bridge the gap, allowing a biological regeneration across the gap).
Extensor tendon repair is not as easy and the results not as reliable as some have suggested. Repair and postoperative management should be meticulous.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
contraindication /ˌkɑːntrəˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn/n. [医] 禁忌症；禁忌征候
ischaemic局部缺血的
microscope /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/n. 显微镜
loupe /luːp/n. 小型放大镜（珠宝店、表店等使用的高倍放大镜）
the posterior interosseous nerve 桡神经深支(骨间后（背）神经)
More recently, dissolvable nerve guides have been used to bridge the gap, allowing a biological regeneration across the gap). 最近，可溶解的神经导联被用于连接间隙，允许生物再生通过间隙)。
meticulous. /məˈtɪkjələs/adj. 一丝不苟的；小心翼翼的；拘泥小节的
百度翻译：
组织修复
除非有特定的禁忌症，否则骨折会被适当地复位和固定（夹板、K形钢丝、外固定器或钢板和螺钉）。
关节囊和韧带修复。
如果手或手指缺血，可能需要动静脉修复。这是在操作显微镜的帮助下完成的。任何缺口都应该用静脉移植来弥合。
切断的神经在手术显微镜下（或至少放大镜下）用最好的、无反应的材料缝合。如果修复不能在没有张力的情况下完成，则应进行神经移植（例如从腕关节骨间后神经移植）。最近，可溶解的神经导管被用来桥接缝隙，允许生物再生穿过缝隙）。
伸肌肌腱修复不是那么容易，结果也不像一些人建议的那样可靠。修复和术后管理要细致。