骨科英文书籍精读（149）｜指骨骨折（1）
FRACTURES OF THE PHALANGES
The fingers are usually injured by direct violence, and there may be considerable swelling or open wounds. Injudicious treatment may result in a stiff finger which, in some cases, can be worse than no finger.
FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL AND MIDDLE PHALANGEAL SHAFTS
The phalanx may fracture in various ways:
· Transverse fracture of the shaft, often with forward angulation.
· Spiral fracture of the shaft, from a twisting injury.
· Comminuted fracture, usually due to a crush injury and often associated with significant tendon damage and skin loss.
· Avulsion of a small fragment of bone.
· Metaphyseal fracture at the base of the proximal phalanx, commonly seen inosteopaenic bone. The shaft is pulled into extension and at the distal end the entire head may displace. This is most commonly seen in children.
· Intra-articular fractures: At the distal end of the phalanx, the entire head may rotate or, more commonly, one condyle rotates through a longitudinal midline fracture into the joint. At the proximal end, displacement tends to lead to an angular deformity.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
phalanges/fə'lændʒiz/n. 趾骨；指骨（phalanx的复数）
Injudicious /ˌɪndʒuˈdɪʃəs/adj. 不明智的；不慎重的；浅薄的；不聪明的
Avulsion /əˈvʌlʃən/n. 扯开，撕裂；扯离的部分
osteopaenic bone骨致病性骨
osteoporosis骨质疏松症
longitudinal /ˌlɑːndʒəˈtuːdnl/adj. 长度的，纵向的；经线的
百度翻译：
指骨骨折
手指通常受到直接暴力的伤害，可能有相当大的肿胀或开放的伤口。不公正的治疗可能导致手指僵硬，在某些情况下，这可能比没有手指更糟。
指骨近中骨干骨折
指骨可能以多种方式骨折：
·轴的横向断裂，通常具有正角度。
·轴螺旋断裂，因扭伤。
·粉碎性骨折，通常是由于挤压损伤，通常与严重的肌腱坝年龄和皮肤损失有关。
·骨小片段撕脱。
·近端基底部骺端骨折
指骨，常见于骨拟骨。轴被拉入延伸部分，在远端，整个头部可能会移位。这是儿童中最常见的一种。
·关节内骨折：在指骨远端，整个头部可能旋转，或者，一个髁突通过纵向中线骨折旋转进入关节。在近端，移位往往导致角畸形。