【课例分享】少儿英语课堂训练过去式的四个语法教学步骤
In English, there is a two-way contrast between present and past tense: they work/they worked; I see/I saw. From a strictly formal perspective, then, there are only two tense.
Scott Thornbury在他的著作《101个语法问题》时态篇中提过一个问题 “How many tenses are there？” 那么具体有多少种呢？点击上图封面，看看Scott的101个语法问题是什么。
正如Scott所言，英语里的过去式占据了英语时态的半壁江山，国家英语课程标准二级就已经对过去式的掌握作出了明确要求。小学教英语语法，对学生和老师都是不小的挑战，今天小编就和大家分享一个少儿英语语法教学的课例，而且这节课尤其适合过去式的初学者。
Lesson aims
· Students ask others where they wereyesterday at different times of day.
New language
· yesterday
· Where were you(yesterday morning/ afternoon /evening)?
· I was inthe (kitchen).
Step 1 - Warmer
首先我们通过一个游戏热身来复习巩固本节课需要用到的场所单词和句式。
· 教师在黑板上用横线画出一个简单的平面图，用数字1-4代表楼层，每层写出房间名称，可以用字母缩写来代表，如B: basement, G: garage, A: attic。在旁边画一个电梯按钮。
· 邀请一名学生一起演示乘坐电梯。首先老师示例：
T: Look, where are we?
S: In an elevator.
T: Can you press the button? The kitchen is on the second floor. I need the second floor, please.
· 接下来让更多学生们搭乘电梯去他们想去的楼层和房间，大家可以排队等待依次进行。或是将学生分组，学生在纸上自行安排楼层和房间，然后游戏。
Step 2 - Presentation
游戏热身后引出本节课的目标单词和句式，教师可以使用刚刚黑板上画的图，或是选择学生画的图。
· 教师使用句型I was...造句：
I was in the kitchen yesterday morning. It was breakfast time.
I was in theliving room yesterday evening. I was on the couch.
引出时间词yesterday并写在黑板上。
· 告诉学生这堂课要讨论昨天不同时间段他们在哪里。
· 介绍下面的图片内容，并引出每幅图代表的时间段。
T: This was yesterday. Look at picture A. Is it the afternoon? (No, it’s themorning.) Picture B... (It’s theafternoon.) and picture C ...(It’s the evening.).
A
B
C
· 在白板上写出这三个时间段：yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterdayevening
· 播放歌曲音频，让学生听、读并选择对应的时间段。
T: listen, read, and choose the correct phrases.
PART 1
Where were you yesterday?
Where were you yesterday morning?
I was in the kitchen / living room,
In my apartment on the third floor.
PART 2
Where were you yesterday?
Where were you yesterday afternoon?
I was in the living room / bedroom.
In my apartment on the third floor.
PART 3
Where were you yesterday?
Where were you yesterday evening?
I was in the roof garden / attic.
Above my apartment on the third floor.
My apartment on the third floor.
The third floor. The third floor.
· 一遍结束后邀请学生说出句子来确认答案。
Key: kitchen, living room, roof garden
· 第二遍播放时学生们加入演唱，多播放几遍直到学生能自信地唱出。
· 可以将学生分为两组，一组唱每段的前两行，另一组唱其余部分，然后调换角色。熟练后使用音乐伴奏来表演。
Step 3 - Practice
学习知识点后，按照听、说、读写三个环节进一步巩固本节课语法知识。
听力练习
· 分段播放听力，并引出答案。
T: Listen and say the names.
Key: 1 Lola 2 Leon 3 John 4 Marta
口语练习
· 根据上面的听力图片场景训练对话：
A: Where were you yesterday morning?
B: I was at home. I was in the living room.
· 引导学生说出更多的场所，并写在黑板上，如：at school / in a math class.
· 学生两两分组练习，期间变换句子中的时间地点。如果时间充裕还可以让学生轮换分组。
读写练习
· 先检查学生对句子结构的掌握情况。教师给出如下乱序句子，学生先对句子内容排序；然后根据图片对答案重新排序。
Q1: you/Where/morning/yesterday/were/?
A: the/was/I/Kitchen/in/.
Q2: were/afternoon/you/Where/yesterday/?
A: third/on/I/the/was/floor/.
Q3: yesterday/you/evening/were/Where/?
A: in/I/room/the/was/living/.
Q4: morning/were/yesterday/Where/you?
A: was/I/in/garage/the/.
Q5: night/were/you/last/Where?
A:bedroom/floor/I/in/my/on/the/fourth/was/.
Key:
1 Where were you yesterday morning?
I was in the kitchen.
2 Where were you yesterday afternoon?
I was on thethird floor.
3 Where were you yesterday evening?
I was in the living room.
4 Where were you yesterdaymorning?
I was in the garage.
5 Where were you lastnight?
I was in my bedroom on the fourth floor.
Numbers from (1) kitchen: (3) living room, (2) thirdfloor, (5) bedroom, (4) garage
· 第二步提出下列问题，学生结合自身情况写出回答。
Where were you yesterday morning?
Where were you yesterday afternoon?
Where were you yesterday evening?
Where were you last night?
· 完成后学生两两检查分享，教师可以挑选几名学生全班分享。
Step 4 - Production
最后再次强调今天的知识点：学会询问别人昨天不同时间在哪里。
为了验证并巩固学生的掌握程度，教师还可以设计一个语言输出的活动，让学生更有参与感和信心。
· 学生两两分组role-play，想象一位明星来到一个城市接受采访。可以自由选择自己喜欢或熟悉的城市，两人分别扮演明星和记者。
· 教师可以帮助学生在黑板上写出一些引导词，让语境更加真实生动：
Interviewer: Good morning, Emma. Welcome to Paris. Are you enjoying your visit? ...
然后记者再询问明星昨天在什么地方，如：
Interviewer: Where were you yesterday morning?
Famous person: I was at the Louvre Museum.
· 学生要先完成role-play脚本，然后开始对话练习，最后按小组依次展示。这样就把过去式的语法知识融入到听说读写的运用当中了。