什么样的急性咽痛需要使用抗生素?
图 1:15 岁女孩的渗出性扁桃体炎 [4]
图二:软腭瘀点 [9]
FeverPAIN 标准评分为 0~1 分,或 Centor 标准评分为 0~2 分的患者不太可能从抗生素使用中获益
→→临床医生不要使用抗生素,可向患者(家长)解释无需使用抗生素的原因,并为其提供建议:如果症状迅速或显著加重、1 周后症状仍未开始好转或者患者明显感觉全身不适,应及时复诊
FeverPAIN 标准评分为 2~3 分的患者有可能从抗生素使用中获益
→→因抗生素对症状的持续时间影响不大(平均缩短 16 小时),且无论是否服用抗生素,大多数人 1 周后症状好转,临床医生可考虑不开处抗生素,或开处抗生素让患者在有需要时使用(如果症状在 3~5 天内仍未开始改善,或症状迅速或显著加重时随时启用),并提供抗生素使用相关的患者教育
FeverPAIN 标准评分为 4~5 分,或 Centor 标准评分为 3~4 分的患者很可能从抗生素使用中获益
→→临床医生考虑及时给予抗生素治疗,或处方抗生素让患者在有需要时使用
明显全身不适、有其他严重疾病的症状和体征、并发症风险较高的患者
→→临床医生考虑及时给予抗生素治疗,或安排进一步检查与治疗,全身感染或严重并发症者应及时安排住院
图三:急性咽炎的综合管理流程(译自文献 [7])
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