七上必考英语语法点汇总(附练习题)
1、动词be(is,am,are)的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。BE动词句型结构:Be 动词肯定句句型结构:主语+be动词+其他。Be 动词否定句句型结构:主语+be动词+not+其他。Be 动词一般疑问句句句型结构:Be动词+主语+其他?练一练在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。I ______ a girl. My name _______ Mary. I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7. I ______ 12 years old. Here ______ my family photo. Look! These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents. This boy ______ my brother. He ______ 15 years old now. That ______ my cat, Mimi. It ______ very lovely.答案:I am_a girl. My name is Mary. I am in Class 2, Grade 7. I am12 years old. Here is my family photo. Look! These are my parents and thoseare my grandparents. This boy is my brother. He is 15 years old now. That is my cat, Mimi. It is very lovely.2、this,that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。如:This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦。海伦,这是汤姆。(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如:This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如:—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗?—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是谁?注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如:①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?—Yes, it is. 是的,它是。②—What’s that? 那是什么?—It’s a kite. 是只风筝。3指示代词these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代词。these是this的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?在回答主语是this或that的疑问句时,通常用it代替this或that以避免重复。如:Is that/this your apple?这个(那个)是你的苹果吗?Yes,it is .是的,它是。在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。练一练根据句意选择适当的指示代词或者人称填空。this, those, that, these, it, they1. I like _____ pants. _______ are red. (这些)2. I don’t like _____ shoes. _____ are too small.(那些)3. I want _____(这个) sweater. I don’t want________(那个)one. _____ is too big.答案:1. these, They 2. those, They 3. this, that, It4不定冠词a和ana和an都是不定冠词,表示一(个,支,本,块……)的意思,但不强调数量概念,而是强调类别,用来限定名词。a用在辅音音素开头的单数名词前,如:a pencil(一支铅笔),a book(一本书);an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语,用a还是用an,则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。如:a clock 一座钟 an old clock 一座旧钟 a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果 an apple 一个苹果练一练1:There is __photo of __apple on __wall .2:This is __useful book ,I 've read it for __hour .3:I have __ book ,That's ___English book .答案:1. a,an,the 2. a,an 3. a ,an5名词+’s所有格
练一练单选题( )1.The police saved three lives in the accident.A.child B.child's C.children D.children’s( )2.—How far is it from the hospital to thebus station?—About ________.A.ten minutes B.ten minutes’C.ten minutes’ walk D.ten minutes walk( )3.The telephone is not in my room. It’s in my room.A.parents’ B.parents C.parent D.mom and dad( )4.Here _____ a photo_____ my family.A.is, at B.are, at C.are,of D.is, of( )5.It is not shirt. It is ___.A.her, Her B.mine, My C.your,Your D.my, Bob’s( )6.____________ mothers are teachers of No.1Middle School.A.Li Ming and Li Ling B.Li Ming and Li Ling’sC.Li Ming’s and Li Ling’s D.Li Ming’s and Li Ling( )7.Whose bedroom is this? It’s _____________bedroom.A.Kitty and Lily B.Kitty and Lily’s C.Kitty’s and Lily’s答案: 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.B6句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。如:She is a girl. →They are girls.(2)am,is要变为are。如:I’m a student. →We are students.(3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:He is a boy. →They are boys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:It is an apple. →They are apples.(5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:This is a box. →These are boxes.7物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,它分第一人称、第二人称和第三人称,每个人称又分单数和复数。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,本单元主要涉及形容词性物主代词。1. 形容词性物主代词表单复数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称名词性物主代词mine我的yours你的his 他的hers 她的its 它的ours我们的yours你们的theirs他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特点,不能单独使用,只能修饰名词作定语,位于名词之前。our country 我们的国家 my pen我的钢笔his phone number他的电话号码 her first name 她的名字2.名词性物主代词1. 英语中的物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,其中名词性物主代词起名词的作用。单复数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称名词性物主代词mine我的yours你的his 他的hers 她的its 它的ours我们的yours你们的theirs他/她/它们的2. 名词性物主代词在句中独立使用,其后不接名词;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。Look at the two pencils. The blue one is yours and the green one is mine.看这两只铅笔,蓝色的是你的,绿色的是我的。3. 名词性物主代词用作主语时,谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。—Is this ruler yours or hers?—It’s mine. Hers is in her bag.(Hers=her ruler)—Whose books are these?—They are his. Yours are over there.(Yours=Your books)练一练用所给代词的正确形式填空。 1. These are _________brothers. (he) 2. That is ________ sister. (she) 3. These are ________friends. (I) 4. What is __________ name? (you) 5. _________ is a good boy. (he) 6._________is Chinese. (his) 7. This is Mark. _______book is here. (he) 8. This is _______ (I ) backpack. And that is _______. (you)答案:1. his 2.her 3.my 4.your 5.He 6.He 7.His 8.my,yours