吡咯替尼+来曲唑一线治疗三阳性晚期乳腺癌获得完全缓解一例

  大约15~20%的乳腺癌患者为人类表皮生长因子受体HER2阳性,其中大约一半亦为激素受体阳性。HER2阳性激素受体阳性患者的主要治疗方案为抗HER2治疗+内分泌治疗+化疗。不过,许多患者由于体力不佳,无法耐受化疗,不适合该治疗方案。吡咯替尼是中国原创的人类表皮生长因子受体HER1、HER2、HER4酪氨酸激酶不可逆抑制剂,多项研究表明吡咯替尼治疗HER2阳性乳腺癌患者具有抗肿瘤活性和安全性,但是吡咯替尼+来曲唑一线治疗对HER2阳性激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌的效果尚不明确。

  2021年8月,转化医学会旗下《转化医学年鉴》发表中南大学湘雅医学院湖南省肿瘤医院谢宁、刘莉萍、田璨、胡哲煜、欧阳取长等学者的病例报告,介绍了吡咯替尼+来曲唑一线治疗HER2阳性激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌获得完全缓解一例。

  患者女性,45岁,已绝经,2015年2月意外发现左侧乳房无痛肿块,随后于当地医院被诊断为乳腺癌,接受左侧乳房肿块扩大切除术和左侧乳腺癌改良根治术。术后病理报告左侧乳腺导管浸润癌,Ⅱ级;雌激素受体(3+,60%)、孕激素受体(3+,70%)、HER2(3+)和Ki-67(50%),淋巴结未转移。初步综合会诊建议患者接受多西他赛+卡铂化疗+曲妥珠单抗抗HER2治疗6个周期,2016年5月5日~2020年8月13日口服托瑞米芬内分泌治疗4年并定期复查。

  2020年8月13日,患者至湖南省肿瘤医院复查,彩色多普勒超声显示左上胸壁和左前腋窝低回声结节,胸部CT扫描显示左侧腋窝淋巴结肿大和肺部多发小结节,确诊病情进展,左腋淋巴结及双肺转移。患者于2020年8月26日接受完整CT复查,结果与初始扫描结果相似(图1A、1B))。心脏彩色多普勒超声显示心动过速,左心舒张功能下降,但是收缩功能正常。

图1

  经专家协商,推荐曲妥珠单抗+化疗。不过,患者由于经济困难拒绝该治疗方案。根据病灶病理学和免疫组化检查结果,建议内分泌治疗作为替代。由于当时“吡罗替尼联合来曲唑治疗HER2阳性雌激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌”(NCT04407988)临床试验正在进行且患者符合入组标准,她决定参加临床试验并免费申请吡咯替尼+来曲唑治疗。

  经知情同意,患者于2020年8月27日开始每天口服吡咯替尼400毫克+来曲唑2.5毫克。2个月后,患者于2020年10月23日复查CT显示左侧腋窝淋巴结和肺结节均为显著控制(图1C、1D)。此外,目前疗效评价为完全缓解,患者病情得到有效控制(图1E、1F、2)。治疗期间未发生严重不良事件。唯一不良反应为轻度腹泻、糖化血红蛋白轻度增加,但是无需干预即可自行缓解。患者目前生活质量良好,未见任何复发。

  因此,该病例报告表明,对于HER2阳性激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌患者,吡咯替尼+来曲唑联合治疗可能或可以成为有希望的治疗选择,故有必要进一步开展大样本随机对照研究进行验证。

Ann Transl Med. 2021 Aug;9(16):1356.

Complete response to pyrotinib combined with letrozole as first-line treatment of HER2-positive/HR-positive breast cancer: a case report.

Xie N, Liu L, Tian C, Hu Z, Ouyang Q.

Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Approximately 15-20% of breast cancer patients are epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, and about half of these are also hormone receptor (HR)-positive. The mainstay treatment for HER2-positive/HR-positive patients is anti-HER2 treatment combined with chemotherapy. However, many patients are not suitable for this treatment regimen due to their poor physical health and inability to tolerate chemotherapy. Pyrotinib is a novel, irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with activity against EGFR/HER1, HER2, and HER4. Several studies have shown pyrotinib's anti-tumor activity and safety profile in treating HER-2 positive breast cancer patients, but its effect on metastatic breast cancer (MBC) when combined with letrozole as a first-line treatment remains to be verified. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old postmenopausal HER2-positive/HR-positive breast cancer patient who received pyrotinib plus letrozole as a first-line treatment following a diagnosis of left axillary lymph node and double lung metastases after modified radical mastectomy for left breast cancer. Two months after administration of combined pyrotinib and letrozole, a complete response (CR) was confirmed by CT scan. The patient experienced only mild and tolerable adverse events. At the time of writing, the patient was still alive without any recurrence. Our case indicates that the combined therapy of pyrotinib plus letrozole may/can be a promising treatment option for patients with HER2-positive/HR-positive MBC. Nevertheless, further evidence is needed to verify this conclusion.

KEYWORDS: HER2+/HR+ breast cancer; anti-HER2 targeted therapy; case report; metastatic breast cancer (MBC); pyrotinib

PMID: 34532493

PMCID: PMC8422146

DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3978

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