【最新PNAS】中国农大崔振岭团队—我国小农户经营条件下氮肥可持续管理研究取得突破性进展

文章简介

文章标题：A steady-state N balance approach for sustainable smallholder farming

标题译文：利用稳定氮平衡方法实现小农户经营条件下氮肥可持续管理

发表期刊：PNAS

影响因子：12.291（5-year）

发表时间：2021-09-23

通讯作者：崔振岭 教授

作者单位：中国农业大学

文章摘要

在小农户经营的条件下，氮肥普遍过量施用，引起了一系列的生态环境问题。尽管以往的氮肥管理措施取得了一些进展，但是这些方法由于破坏性取样等原因，限制了在大面积的广泛应用。研究针对这一问题，利用土壤-作物系统系统氮平衡原理，建立了能够广泛应用的研究方法（SSNB）。根据3824个县域的数据，首先计算了三大粮食作物（小麦、玉米、水稻）的优化施氮量。然后联合13760个农户，开展了18000个田间研究。结果表明，该方法能够减少氮肥投入21-28%，维持现有产量水平或提升产量6-7%。该研究建立的SSNB方法将为全球小农户氮肥管理提供重要机遇。

Fig. 1. The N cycle in soil–crop system. N flows include major inputs, outputs, and pools of organic and inorganic (3). The long-term fate of external N inputs includes crop N uptake (crop removal plus N return), inevitable N loss, and overapplied N.

主要结果

（1）根据土壤测试确定优化施氮量。

（2）根据长期定位试验，建立SSNB管理策略。

（3）基于SSNB，建立县域氮肥管理策略。

（4）SSNB在大范围农户田块的应用。

Fig. 2. Crop yield, N rate and crop N uptake, indigenous N supply, and N cycle in a steady-state system. The system was a wheat–maize double cropping system, and data were averaged across both crops per year. Grain yield (A), N rate and crop N uptake (B), and indigenous N supply (C) in ONR-treated plots from 2000 to 2008 at Dongbeiwang. The numbers showed the amount of N cycle (kg N ha⁻¹) with the farmer practice (FNP) (D) or ONR treatment (E) when the system reached a steady state.

Fig. 3. The mean N flows and SSNB-ONR across China. The amounts of N inputs and outputs within the national means for maize (A), rice (B), and wheat (C) (kg N ha⁻¹). These SSNBs are the mean of lower bounds and upper bounds calculated for 1,419, 1,316, and 1,091 counties of maize (D), rice (E), and wheat (F), respectively.

Fig. 4. The N rate and grain yield for on-farm trials of the SSNB approach. The ONR range based upon the SSNB approach for 5,979, 6,625, and 5,229 sites of maize, rice, and wheat, respectively (A). Grain yield with different N treatments (no N control, 50, 100, and 150% ONR) (B).

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