大自然中的色彩 Life in Colour
说实话,让我选择英语学习材料,我不是太喜欢老友记,或者生活大爆炸。那些笑点我能get到,但是并不觉得有多大意义。全程互怼,我觉得本身就很可笑。而且有些词,真的很尬,lesbian,homosexual,还有masturbate,我想到大尺度的女舍友男舍友,真的很尬,问我知不知道石楠花的味道。相比之下,我更喜欢自然宇宙一些题材。
我看到一期很有意思的节目,从颜色的角度讲大自然。上一期看到用红外以及热成像来拍动物,也很有意思。下面是字幕的翻译。
Seeing in colour
The natural world is full of colours
大自然到处是色彩
colours that attract attention
颜色可以吸引注意力
colours that blend beautifully with their background.
颜色可以与背景完美融合。(blend 混合)
And colours that create extraordinary displays
并且颜色可以产生非凡的效果
There are few animals more brilliantly coloured than these scarlet macaws
很少有比这些猩红色的金刚鹦鹉还颜色鲜艳的动物 (scarlet 猩红色的, macaws, 金刚鹦鹉)
Animals can use colours for all kinds of different reasons
动物使用颜色的理由有很多
and some have colours that we ourselves cannot even see
有些动物的颜色我们甚至看不见
but with new cameras,
但是有了新照相机
some developed especailly for this series
有些是专门为此开发的
we can reveal a world that has long been hidden from our eyes
我们可以揭示一个一直隐藏在我们眼皮下的世界 (reveal 揭示)
A world of colours that only some animals can see
一个只有某些动物才能看见的彩色世界
Secret communication channels for the most private of messages
用于私人通信的加密信道
And colours so bold and brilliant, they dazzle our senses
颜色是如此大胆而明亮,是我们眩目(bold 轮廓突出的,黑体字,dazzle 耀眼)
whether to win a mate
无论是赢得伴侣
or beat a rival
或者打倒竞争对手 (rival 对手)
to warn off an enemy
吓跑一个敌人
or to hide from one
或者躲藏起来 (这里的 one 没办法翻译)
we will reveal extraordinary stories about life in colour
我们将讲述有关彩色生活的非凡故事
the rocky hills of Sourthern India
南印度的岩石山丘
The stage is set for a performance
表演的舞台已经搭好
of one of the most spectacular dances in the natural world
一个自然界最壮观的舞蹈
Peacocks are gathering
孔雀们在聚集 (peacocks 孔雀,我记得德语里面叫做 Pfauen,因为柏林有个著名景点,叫做孔雀岛,还看到了白孔雀呢)
This, surely,
这个,当然了,
is one of the most glamorous of all sights in nature
大自然最迷人的景色之一 (glamorous 迷人的)
a hundred and fifty shimmering eyespots
150个闪闪发光的伪眼(eyespot我查了一下,有专门的名词叫做伪眼,英文还可以叫做ocellus,是一种像眼睛一样的标记,常见于蝴蝶,猫,还有鸟)
carried on tail feathers that are six feet long
用六英尺长的尾羽携带,(六英尺,大概有1米八,卧槽,比我高)
so how did such glories evolve ?
那么,这些壮观的东西如何演变来的呢
It seems it is all down to the female
似乎一切取决于雌性(female,说实话,在你填个人信息的时候,性别一般有三个选项,其中一个就是female,但是这里的female 明显和你要填的表单的female不是一回事)
The brighter a male's colours,
雄性的颜色越明亮
and the greater the number of his feathery eyespots.
并且他的羽毛上的伪眼更多(我总不能说它吧,看不出性别)
the more attractive she will find him
雌性就会觉得他越有魅力
But colours and plumes like these come at a cost
但是像这样的颜色和羽毛需要付出代价(plume 和 feather 一样都是羽毛,但更多是指用来装饰的羽毛)
The immense tail makes flying difficult
巨大的尾巴使得飞行变得困难
The male are literally weighed down by their feathers
雄心实际上被羽毛压倒了(literally 书面意思是照字面意思,相关的词是literature,口语里面用来强调,是不是多了一个不露声色装逼的词,比什么actually,really,totally瞬间高了一个档次)
Yet the colours they carry are clearly very important to them
然而它们所携带的颜色对它们来说非常重要(yet 也很口语话,书面用but,我看用的多的是However)
So why and how has colour taken on such value
为什么颜色会有这样的价值,以及颜色如何会有这样的价值(说实话,英语里面,why and how这样开头的句式其实很少的,德国人特别喜欢这样用,wo und wann,何时何地,一句话问两个问题,可以的)
To understand that,
为了解这个,
we have to think back to when it all began.
我们必须回想起一切开始的时候
Seven hundred million years ago,
七亿年前(我特地试了一下谷歌翻译,七亿年前,不是七百百万年前,牛逼)
our planet was far less colourful
我们的星球没有那么多色彩
But the first animals, it seems
但是最初的动物,似乎
has eyes that were unable to distinguish colours anyway
眼睛没有区分色彩的能力
gradually, however, this changed
慢慢地,无论如何,这个改变了
I am in Costa Rica
我在哥斯达黎加
a good place to see how valuable colour can be
一个可以了解颜色的价值的地方
This toucan likes fruit
这只巨嘴鸟喜欢水果
and its ability to choose ripe fruit from unripe depends on colour
它能根据颜色区分成熟和未成熟的水果(我还是喜欢这样翻译,虽然整句的动词落在depend,但是直接翻译太生硬,能力取决于颜色,总觉得怪怪的。话说这不就是机器学习里面根据特征来分类嘛,哈哈哈,果真文理相通)
because the ripe ones are black
因为成熟的是黑色的
And this capacity of choosing between different colours
这种在不同颜色之间选择的能力
was a very important stage in the evolution of colour vision
是视觉色彩发展的一个重要阶段
birds, close relatives of dinosaurs, appeared before mammals
鸟,恐龙的近亲,出现在哺乳动物之前(我差点以为mammals 是 猛犸,其实很像,mammoth)
the first mammals, as far as we can tell
据我们所知,最初的哺乳动物
were mostly nocturnal
大部分是在夜间活动 (nocturnal,这个词高级了,nocturne,估计只会在文学作品里面出现,夜曲)
Colours are not easily distinguishable at night
颜色在夜晚并不容易区分
so why evolve the ability to detect them?
那么为什么发展检测它们的能力呢
So it seems that first mammals themselves were not very colourful
似乎最初的哺乳动物并不是那么色彩斑斓
And this is still largely true today
今天基本仍然如此
Most are shades of black and white
大部分仍然是黑白色调(我看德语里面会把 Shades 翻译成 Toene,我觉得不错)
or brown
或者棕色
but they are exceptions
但是它们是例外
and one of the most dramatic lives in the forest of Gabon in West Africa
西非 加蓬 森林中最具有戏剧性的生活之一
These monkeys are mandrills, a kind of baboon
这些猴子是山魈,一种狒狒(mandrill 山魈,也叫彩面狒狒。说实话,魈,我中文还读错了,我以为是qiao,其实是xiao,魈是古书里面一种妖怪,形体上大下小,百度百科说像蝌蚪一样。。。)
They live in large troops
它们群居
most are females and youngsters
大多数女性和年轻人(年长的男性去哪里,不会都挂了吧)
both of which are brown
这两种都是棕色的
but the males are different
但是雄性是不一样的
they, when they are young, have very plain faces with naked muzzles
他们年轻的时候,脸是平的,嘴是裸露的。
as they grow, their faces begin to change
当他们长大,脸开始变化
Testosterone begins to flow through their veins
睾丸素开始在他们的静脉里面开始流动(这里我发现我们理解和表述一直存在的一个误区,当我们说某人荷尔蒙分泌旺盛的时候,多是指男性特征明显,其实荷尔蒙Hormone是男女性激素的统称,Testosterone才是男性特有的)
先写这么多吧,特别喜欢那种一步步探索揭秘的感觉,引人入胜。有很多值得我学习的地方啊。