母乳Vs.配方
The long-running breast milk vs. formula debate made headlines earlier this week.
由来已久的母乳vs.配方奶的争论本周上了新闻头条。
The New York Times reported that the Trump administration had tried to remove language from a WHO resolution that would, according to reporter Andrew Jacobs, "promote and protect breastfeeding around the world, especially in developing countries" and limit the promotion of infant formula.
纽约时报报道，特朗普政府曾试图从世卫组织决议中删除一些内容，据记者安德鲁.雅各布说，将会“促进和保护全世界的哺乳行动，特别是发展中国家的”，并限制婴儿配方奶粉的销售。
President Donald Trump tweeted his rationale for the U.S. position: "The failing NY Times Fake News story today about breast feeding must be called out. The U.S. strongly supports breast feeding but we don't believe women should be denied access to formula. Many women need this option because of malnutrition and poverty."
唐纳德.特朗普总统在推特上发表了美国立场的基本态度：“纽约时报关于母乳喂养的的不实报道必须撤回。美国强烈支持母乳喂养，不过我们也不认为想买配方奶的妈妈们不应该买到。很多女性因为营养不良和贫困都需要配方奶的补充。”
Public health professionals have a different perspective: In poor countries, a mother's decision about breastfeeding can be critical for her baby's survival.
公共卫生专员们则看法不同：在贫穷国家里，一个母亲关于母乳喂养的决定可能会对她的宝宝的生死事关重大。
That's because formula carries special risks for low-income families.
这是因为配方奶对于低收入家庭来说存在特别的风险。
The first problem arises because powdered formula requires a dependable source of clean water, which is not available to some 780 million people, according to the World Health Organization.
首先出现的一个问题就是因为配方奶粉要用可靠水源的干净水来冲调，据世界卫生组织数据，有七亿八千万人都没法得到。
"In countries where women live in poor households with poor sanitation, it becomes a matter of life and death," says Rafael Perez-Escamilla, director of Global Health Concentration at the Yale School of Public Health.
“对于那些女性们住在卫生较差，设备简陋的国家来说，这就变成了生死攸关的事，”拉斐尔.佩雷兹-艾斯卡梅里亚说，他是耶鲁大学公共卫生学院全球健康中心的主人。
"If the water is not clean, formula becomes a death sentence for the infant."
“如果水不干净，喝配方奶就变成了婴儿的死刑。”
Even in the best of circumstances, formula feeding has disadvantages.
即便是在最好的条件下，配方奶喂养也存在不足。
According to decades of research analyzed and summarized in a 2016 Lancet series on breastfeeding, the harm caused by formula feeding includes increased risk of diarrhea and respiratory infections.
据2016年柳叶刀对母乳喂养十年来的研究分析和总结，配方奶喂养带来的危害包括痢疾和呼吸传染病风险的增加。
In addition, according to the Lancet series, more than 800,000 formula-fed infants who die each year could be saved by breastfeeding mostly by reducing diarrhea, respiratory infections and malnutrition from diluted formula.
另外，根据柳叶刀系列调查，每年有超过八十万的死亡的配方奶喂养的婴儿，如果用母乳喂养本来是可以存活的，这主要是因为痢疾，呼吸道传染病还有稀释了的配方奶引起的营养不良会减少。
关于配方奶和母乳喂养问题，你有什么看法吗？欢迎跟amber留言哦！
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