JavaScript实现HSL拾色器
从 RGB 到 HSL 或 HSV 的转换
设 (r, g, b) 分别是一个颜色的红、绿和蓝坐标,它们的值是在 0 到 1 之间的实数。设 max 等价于 r, g 和 b 中的最大者。设 min 等于这些值中的最小者。要找到在 HSL 空间中的 (h, s, l) 值,这里的 h ∈ [0, 360)是角度的色相角,而 s, l ∈ [0,1] 是饱和度和亮度,计算为:
h 的值通常规范化到位于 0 到 360°之间。而 h = 0 用于 max = min 的(就是灰色)时候而不是留下 h 未定义。
HSL 和 HSV 有同样的色相定义,但是其他分量不同。HSV 颜色的 s 和 v 的值定义如下:
从 HSL 到 RGB 的转换
给定 HSL 空间中的 (h, s, l) 值定义的一个颜色,带有 h 在指示色相角度的值域 [0, 360)中,分别表示饱和度和亮度的s 和 l 在值域 [0, 1] 中,相应在 RGB 空间中的 (r, g, b) 三原色,带有分别对应于红色、绿色和蓝色的 r, g 和 b 也在值域 [0, 1] 中,它们可计算为:
首先,如果 s = 0,则结果的颜色是非彩色的、或灰色的。在这个特殊情况,r, g 和 b 都等于 l。注意 h 的值在这种情况下是未定义的。
当 s ≠ 0 的时候,可以使用下列过程:
对于每个颜色向量 Color = (ColorR, ColorG, ColorB) = (r, g, b),
从 HSV 到 RGB 的转换
类似的,给定在 HSV 中 (h, s, v) 值定义的一个颜色,带有如上的 h,和分别表示饱和度和明度的 s 和 v 变化于 0 到 1 之间,在 RGB 空间中对应的 (r, g, b) 三原色可以计算为:
对于每个颜色向量 (r, g, b),
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< html > < style > .childDiv { display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; } #colorPickDiv { background-color: WhiteSmoke; border: 1px solid LightGrey; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-right: 30px; } #hueTipDiv { margin: 0 0 10px 70px; } #luminanceTipDiv { margin-top: 20px } #colorDiv { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: black; } #valueDiv { box-shadow: 0px -5px 10px LightGrey; background-color: WhiteSmoke; border: 1px solid LightGrey; border-top-width: 0; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; } </ style > < body > < div > < div id = "colorPickDiv" > < div class = "childDiv" > < div id = "hueTipDiv" >Hue:0</ div > < canvas id = "canvas" width = "200" height = "200" >Your browser does not support canvas</ canvas > </ div > < div class = "childDiv" > < div id = "saturationTipDiv" class = "divMarginBottom" >Saturation:0%</ div > < input id = "saturationRange" onChange = "onHSLRangeChange()" type = "range" min = "0" max = "100" step = "1" value = "100" /> < div id = "luminanceTipDiv" class = "divMarginBottom" >Luminance:0%</ div > < input id = "luminanceRange" onChange = "onHSLRangeChange()" type = "range" min = "0" max = "100" step = "1" value = "50" /> </ div > < div id = "colorDiv" class = "childDiv" ></ div > </ div > < div id = "valueDiv" > < div class = "childDiv" > < div id = "hexadecimalTipDiv" class = "divMarginBottom" >Hexadecimal:</ div > < input id = "hexadecimalValueDiv" type = "text" disabled = "disabled" /> </ div > < div class = "childDiv" > < div id = "rgbTipDiv" class = "divMarginBottom" >RGB:</ div > < input id = "rgbValueDiv" type = "text" readonly = "readonly" /> </ div > < div class = "childDiv" > < div id = "hslTipDiv" class = "divMarginBottom" >HSL:</ div > < input id = "hslValueDiv" type = "text" readonly = "readonly" /> </ div > </ div > </ div > < script > var c = document.getElementById("canvas"); var ctx = c.getContext("2d"); var colorDiv = document.getElementById("colorDiv"); var hexadecimalValueDiv = document.getElementById("hexadecimalValueDiv"); var rgbValueDiv = document.getElementById("rgbValueDiv"); var hslValueDiv = document.getElementById("hslValueDiv"); var hexadecimalTipDiv = document.getElementById("hexadecimalTipDiv"); var saturationTipDiv = document.getElementById("saturationTipDiv"); var saturationRange = document.getElementById("saturationRange"); var luminanceTipDiv = document.getElementById("luminanceTipDiv"); var luminanceRange = document.getElementById("luminanceRange"); //十字光标颜色 var crossCursorColor = "black"; //十字光标线宽 var crossCursorLineWidth = 2; //十字光标某一边线段长 var crossCursorHalfLineLen = 5; //十字光标中间断裂处长度 var crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen = 2; //画布中心点X坐标 var centerX = c.width / 2; //画布中心点Y坐标 var centerY = c.height / 2; //缩放绘制比例 var scaleRate = 10; //画布的内切圆半径(之所以减去一个数是为了可以显示完整的十字光标) var innerRadius = Math.min(centerX, centerY) - crossCursorHalfLineLen - crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen; //内切圆半径的平方 var pow2InnerRadius = Math.pow(innerRadius, 2); //缩放绘制时的绘制半径,即画布的外径除以缩放比例 var scaledRadius = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(c.width / 2, 2) + Math.pow(c.height / 2, 2)) / scaleRate; //由于该圆是由绕圆心的多条线段组成,该值表示将圆分割的份数 var count = 360; //一整个圆的弧度值 var doublePI = Math.PI * 2; //由于圆心处是多条线段的交汇点,Composite是source-over模式,所以后绘制的线段会覆盖前一个线段。另外由于采用线段模拟圆,英雌 var deprecatedRadius = innerRadius * 0.3; //废弃圆半径的平方 var pow2DeprecatedRadius = Math.pow(deprecatedRadius, 2); //色相(0-360) var hue; //饱和度(0%-100%) var saturation; //亮度luminance或明度lightness(0%-100%) var luminance; //当前色相位置X坐标 var currentHuePosX = centerX + innerRadius - 1; //当前色相位置Y坐标 var currentHuePosY = centerY; //填充圆 function fillCircle(cx, cy, r, color) { ctx.fillStyle = color; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(cx, cy, r, 0, doublePI); ctx.fill(); } //绘制线条 function strokeLine(x1, y1, x2, y2) { ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x1, y1); ctx.lineTo(x2, y2); ctx.stroke(); } //将整数转为16进制,至少保留2位 function toHexString(intValue) { var str = intValue.toString(16); if(str.length == 1) { str = "0" + str; } return str; } //判断坐标(x,y)是否在合法的区域内 function isInValidRange(x, y) { var pow2Distance = Math.pow(x-centerX, 2) + Math.pow(y-centerY, 2); return pow2Distance >= pow2DeprecatedRadius && pow2Distance <= pow2InnerRadius; } //绘制十字光标 function strokeCrossCursor(x, y) { ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over"; ctx.strokeColor = crossCursorColor; ctx.lineWidth = crossCursorLineWidth; strokeLine(x, y-crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen, x, y-crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen-crossCursorHalfLineLen); strokeLine(x, y+crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen, x, y+crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen+crossCursorHalfLineLen); strokeLine(x-crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen, y, x-crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen-crossCursorHalfLineLen, y); strokeLine(x+crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen, y, x+crossCursorHalfBreakLineLen+crossCursorHalfLineLen, y); } //将对象中的hsl分量组成一个hsl颜色(h在0到360之间,s与l均在0到1之间) function formHslColor(obj) { return "hsl(" + obj.h + "," + Math.round(obj.s * 1000)/10 + "%," + Math.round(obj.l * 1000)/10 + "%)"; } //将对象中的rgb分量组成一个rgb颜色(r,g,b在0到255之间) function formRgbColor(obj) { return "rgb(" + [obj.r, obj.g, obj.b].join(",") + ")"; } //从画布的某点获取存储RGB的对象 function getRgbObj(x, y) { var w = 1; var h = 1; var imgData = ctx.getImageData(x,y,w,h); var obj = { r: imgData.data[0], g: imgData.data[1], b: imgData.data[2], a: imgData.data[3] } return obj; } //将rgb转换为hsl对象() function rgbToHslObj(r, g, b) { r /= 255; g /= 255; b /= 255; var max = Math.max(r, g, b); var min = Math.min(r, g, b); var diff = max - min; var twoValue = max + min; var obj = {h:0, s:0, l:0}; if(max == min) { obj.h = 0; } else if(max == r && g >= b) { obj.h = 60 * (g - b) / diff; } else if(max == r && g < b ) { obj.h = 60 * (g - b) / diff + 360; } else if(max == g) { obj.h = 60 * (b - r) / diff + 120; } else if(max == b) { obj.h = 60 * (r - g) / diff + 240; } obj.l = twoValue / 2; if(obj.l == 0 || max == min) { obj.s = 0 ; } else if(0 < obj.l && obj.l <= 0.5) { obj.s = diff / twoValue; // obj.s = diff / (2 * obj.l); } else { obj.s = diff / (2 - twoValue); // obj.s = diff / (2 - 2 * obj.l); } obj.h = Math .round(obj.h); return obj; } //创建Hue颜色圆环 function createHueRing() { ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over" ; ctx.clearRect(0,0,c.width,c.height); ctx.save(); //将绘制原点移动到画布中心 ctx.translate(centerX, centerY); //将画布放大相应比例,restore后,绘制内容会缩小 ctx.scale(scaleRate, scaleRate); for(var i = 0 ; i<count; i++) { var degree = i / count * 360; var radian = Math .PI * degree / 180; var x = scaledRadius * Math.cos(radian); var y = scaledRadius * Math.sin(radian); ctx.lineWidth = 1 ; ctx.strokeStyle = "hsl(" + degree +"," + saturation + "," + luminance + ")"; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x, y); ctx.lineTo(0,0); ctx.stroke(); } ctx.restore(); ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "destination-out" ; fillCircle(centerX, centerY, deprecatedRadius, "black"); ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "destination-in" ; fillCircle(centerX, centerY, innerRadius, "black"); } //点击canvas中的Hue拾色圈 function onCanvasClick() { var x = event .offsetX; var y = event .offsetY; if(!isInValidRange(x, y)) { return; } currentHuePosX = x ; currentHuePosY = y ; //创建hue背景圆环 createHueRing(); setColorValue(x, y); strokeCrossCursor(x, y); } function setColorValue(x, y) { //获取包含rgb的颜色对象 var rgbObj = getRgbObj (x, y); var rgbColor = formRgbColor (rgbObj); colorDiv.style.backgroundColor = rgbColor ; rgbValueDiv.value = rgbColor ; var hex = "#" + toHexString(rgbObj.r) + toHexString(rgbObj.g) + toHexString(rgbObj.b); hexadecimalValueDiv.value = hex; var hslObj = rgbToHslObj (rgbObj.r, rgbObj.g, rgbObj.b); hslValueDiv.value = formHslColor (hslObj); hueTipDiv.innerHTML = ("Hue:" + hslObj.h); } function onHSLRangeChange() { //event.target.value; saturation = saturationRange .value + "%"; luminance = luminanceRange .value + "%"; saturationTipDiv.innerHTML = ("Saturation:" + saturation); luminanceTipDiv.innerHTML = ("Luminance:" + luminance); createHueRing(); setColorValue(currentHuePosX, currentHuePosY) strokeCrossCursor(currentHuePosX, currentHuePosY); } function init() { c.addEventListener("click", onCanvasClick); onHSLRangeChange(); } init(); </script> </ body > </ html > |
有几个缺陷:
- 不能根据颜色值来设置HSL。
- 由于HSL的值是根据从Hue环形调色板中取出的RGB颜色值换算为HSL的,因此跟滑动条上的值可能会有出入(如果是5舍6入那就一样了)
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。