英语中的介词to和for到底如何区分?


我们先来看看这两道题应该用to还是for:

1. She bought a tie _____ me.2. He handed the prize _____ me.

英语中关于to和for的用法及其区别,一直是个难题。

今天我们就跟着Lucy老师一起来梳理学习。

【注意】为了简便的需要,Lucy老师在视频中指出,to作为不定式的用法,也当做介词的用法来对待了。


为了方便大家学习,我把视频中的内容进行了梳理补充,供大家参考:

一、当表达缘由时(Expressing a reason)

to和for都可以使用,但to此时是不定式的用法,后接动词原形,而for则直接后接名词,如:

I went to the supermarket to buy apples.I went to the supermarket for apples.

二、当表示“给予”时(Indicating a recipient)

此时的to和for后面都可以接动作的对象,但用to时往往意味着句子的谓语动作会发生方位变化(事物从一个地方移到另一个地方),for则没有,如:

I made a cake for her.I gave a cake to her.

三、当表达目的时(Expressing an intention)

此时与第一条类似,to用作不定式后接动词原形,而for则直接后接名词,如:

I asked her to give me the key.I asked her for the key.

四、只能用to的情况

(一)表动机或原因(motive or reason,后接动词原形)

I came here to talk to you.

(二)表时刻(Telling the time)

Let's meet at ten to nine.

(三)表距离(Distance)

It's only three kilometers from my house to yours.

(四)表比较(Comparing)

I prefer apples to bananas.

(五)表目的地(Destination)

We are going to Paris.

(六)表位移(Transferring)

I sent five cards to him last week.

五、只能用for的情况

(一)表有益或有害的(Beneficial or detrimental)

Drinking water is good for you.

(二)表一段时间(Periods of time)

I lived in Spain for five years.

(三)表计划或安排(Schedules or arrangements)

I've made an appointment for May 4th.

(四)表动机或原因(Motive or reason,后接名词)

I went to the shop for milk.

(五)表帮助某人做某事(Doing something to help someone )

Can I carry the bag for you?

(六)表功能或用途(Function,后接动名词)

A spoon is used for eating.

所以,本文一开始的两道题的答案应该是:

1. for        2. to


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