完形填空考法及解题策略（一）
完形填空考法及解题策略
考法1：语义衔接的考查
主要是对实义词的考查，同时又结合了近义词辨析或者形近词辨析。主要表现为：
探析1: 词语的复现
词语复现是指某一个词以原词，近义词或同义词（如decide与determine）、反义词（如wrong与right）、同源词（如ill与illness）、概括词（crop是rice、wheat和potato的概括词）或分述词（rice是crop的分述词）、注释性词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现的现象。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，我们可以借助这一衔接手段解答完形填空题。
［例1］[2020课标II卷]His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation class, thought that there wassomething unusual about the painting with a young girl siting on a gardenchair…He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist PierreBonnard siting on the same chair in the same ______ as his father’s painting.
54.A. room B. kitchen C. hall D.garden
【名师导学】D。由前文中的with a young girl sittingon a garden chair可知，此处指儿子发现这幅画中的勃纳尔和父亲的画中的女孩是坐在同一个花园里的同一把椅子上，garden（花园）是原词复现。
［例2］[2020课标II卷] It was signed “Bonnato” or so he thought,but when he researched it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French painterhe had never heard of. … They eventually learned that the painting was called“The Girl with Two Chairs.” They the other painting and learned that it was actuallyPaul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with aSmall Dog.”
A.collected B. cleaned C.framed D. studied
【名师导学】D。根据前提示but whenhe researched it及后暗示learned that it was actually Paul Gauguin’s可知，他们研究(studied)了另外一幅画，得知这幅画也是名作。research与study为同义词复现。
［例3］[2017课标I卷]While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspectsof life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went throughthis ______ process and foundsomething...
A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal
【名师导学】根据前文（高中与大学的不同之处在于大学为学生探索生活新方面搭建了平台）的“explore new aspects of life”可知选A项。searching process 意为“探索过程”，explore与search为近义词复现。
［例4］[2020课标I卷]Ihate lying to the kids. One day they’ll wake up and discover that everything they’ve alwaysknown about windows is a ___48___.
48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact
【名师导学】根据空前一句中的动名词短语lying to the kids和该句中的discover可知，有一天，他们会醒悟（wake up）过来，发现他们一直知道的关于窗户的一切都是谎言（n. lie）。属同源词复现或同根词复现。
［例5］[2015陕西卷]The strange thing was that practically allthe students went to class and very few people stayed up late at night. Only afew people stayed up or _____ class.
A. attended B. took C. missed D. studied
【名师导学】C。文章中or并列内容，与上文allthe students went to class and very few people stayed up late at night构成相反的意义，该题属于反义词复现。
［例6］[2010全国卷]Many old people don’t have good ______. Theycan’t watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio.
A. hearing B.health C. eyesight D.time
【名师导学】C。后文They can’t watch TV是空格注释性复现。
［例7］[2016课标II卷]One leadsto a _______, sunny place, covered with flowers and fruits, resounding withsoft, sweet songs.
|
A. noisy |
B. dusty |
C. peaceful |
D. dreadful |
【名师导学】C。概括词复现。根据flowers，fruits，soft，sweet等概括得知答案。
探析2: 词语同现
某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中有同时出现的倾向性，叫词语同现。也有人将相关联的一群词称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等。如gifted，intelligent，top，regular，ordinary，average，school，classes，teachers，parents，children，learning等一群相互关联的词语就有同时出现在一个语篇中的可能性。具体表现为：
［例8］ [2019课标I卷]Since our twins began learning to walk, mywife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.Iwonder if ___49___ should always tell the truthno matter the consequences. I have a very strong fear that the lie we’retelling is doing damage to our children.
49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers
A。最有可能与前提示our twins，my wifeand I及后暗示to our children同现的单词是parents。句意：我在想无论如何父母是否都应该告知真相。
【成功体验1】完成下列高考真题，并说明所用的策略。
1. [2019课标III卷] Thetown square was totally ______, I think almost all the people in the town werethere.
|
A. new |
B. full |
C. flat |
D. silent |
2. [ 2016课标Ⅲ卷]…I often had crazy dreams in which I was toblame for Miller’s accident.
…he said to me, “You know, I didn’ttell you this during the season, but you did fine. Thank you for filling in forme.”
His words freed me from my bad _______.
A. memories B.ideas C. attitudes D. dreams
3. [2016课标I卷] …theysaw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her tostay _______ until the emergency personnel arrived ... Larry told her that hehad already put out the fire and she should not move...
A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm
4. [ 2010大纲Ⅱ卷] It can set up a warm conversation betweentwo people far apart; it can keep a _______ with very little effort.... Andwith that one letter we became friends again.
A. record B. promise C.friendship D.secret
5. [ 2016课标Ⅱ卷] Sitting back in the car on the way to theairport, I figured it all out. Rani’s _______— her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’mhere for you’ attitude...
A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D.skillfulness
6. [ 2016课标I卷] Larryworks with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was _______ along165 north after delivering to one of hiscustomers. Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.
A. walking B.touring C．traveling D．rushing
7. [2016课标III卷] Justbefore September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm... I oftenhad crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s______.
A. decision B.mistake C. accident D. sacrifice
8. [2019课标I卷]Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view isespecially evident on Kilimanjaro as _____gothrough five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a fewkilometers．
A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
9. [2018课标II卷]Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and ithad been 13 years since I’d last seen him. Soimagine my _____ Mountains areregarded as spiritual places by many cultureswhen he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry
10.[2017课标I卷]I never felt an urge to ________ any sign language before.
...I decided to drop in on one of ASL club’s meetings. I only learned how to sign thealphabet that day.
|
A. choose |
B. read |
C. learn |
D. create |
11.[2020课标I卷] Windows and doors have metaphorical (比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what theyabsolutely know is a door. What if later in life they come to a metaphoricaldoor, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort…
A traditional B. important C. double D.original
12. [2020课标II卷] battled untilNicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32…
“That’s the garden in our picture,” Nicolo’s son told hisfather. They eventually learned that the painting they wascalled “The Girl with Two Chairs.”
A. owned B.borrowed C. sold D. stole
13.[2020课标I卷] Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I havekept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The isobvious. If we admit it is a door, they’ll want to go outside…
A. relief B.target C. reason D. case
14. [2020课标III卷] They’ll have out half the in the shop, and want the only style you don’thave left in a particular colour.
A. foods B.catalogues C. belongings D. goods
【成功体验1】答案见下一期，敬请等待！