作家名片 | 刘庆邦：写作是一个人的修行

近年来，中华文化“走出去”的影响力不断扩大，在全球文化多元化发展日益兴盛的背景下，中国文化译研网(CCTSS)联合中国作家协会《小说选刊》杂志社，启动“新世纪中国当代作家、作品海外传播数据库”项目，将100位中国当代优秀作家的简介、代表作品以及展示作家风采的短视频翻译为10种语言，集结成1000张中国作家名片向全球推介。千张“作家名片”将鲜明地向世界宣告：我是中国作家，我在进行中国创作。

此种形式和规模是中国故事走向世界的一大创新，会让世界更加全面、客观、公正地了解中国优秀作家作品，同时也是打通中国文化走向世界的“最后一公里”。

刘庆邦，1951年12月生于河南沈丘。北京作家协会副主席。中学毕业后刘庆邦成为一名农民，十九岁招工去了煤矿。在地下千米的地方工作，九年的矿区生活给他的写作观与人生观带来了重要影响，尽管已来到城市居住多年，农村和煤矿依然是他书写的主要对象。刘庆邦著有长篇小说《断层》《远方诗意》《平原上的歌谣》等五部，中短篇小说集、散文集《走窑汉》《梅妞放羊》《遍地白花》《响器》等二十余种。短篇小说《鞋》获1997至2000年度第二届鲁迅文学奖。中篇小说《神木》获第二届老舍文学奖。根据《神木》改编的电影《盲井》获第53届柏林电影艺术节银熊奖。曾获北京市首届德艺双馨奖。多篇作品被译成英、法、日、俄、德、意大利等外国文字。

刘庆邦的短篇小说成就很高，在国内被誉为“短篇小说之王”，但他的中长篇创作同样出彩。关于自己的写作，他的定位是“关注工业化、城镇化、市场化这一转型期农民工的生存状态”。北京大学中文系陈晓明教授称赞刘庆邦是用光秃秃的笔在黄泥地上辛勤“雕刻”；评论家孙郁则认为，刘庆邦对乡村大量细节性的书写和处理，在如今的文学作品中已非常稀少。著名作家王安忆说，“读刘庆邦的文字，能体会到他对文字的珍爱，这是个如农民爱惜粮食般爱惜文字的人，从不挥洒浪费”。

长篇小说《遍地月光》描写底层普通民众生活，是上世纪60至70年代中国农村生活的缩影。小说主人公黄金种的家庭成分是地主，父母双亡的黄金种与弟弟黄银种跟着叔叔黄鹤图过活，生活在屈辱之中的他们，甚至无法获得爱情。黄金种一次次地逃离杜老庄，却不断被遣返，当他终于荣归故里，人们依然以有色眼镜看他。小说呈现的是个体的悲哀，也是时代的悲哀。《红煤》则以精微细腻的描绘，详尽地展示了主人公宋长玉攀附、奋斗、复仇、堕落的过程，着力揭示在这一过程中发生的人性的变异和灵魂的扭曲。《神木》中，两个专门以谋财害命为生的人，在火车站诱骗老实巴交的打工者同行去煤矿打工并将其杀害，以人命索赔金钱。黑暗的矿井下面所进行的人性拷问，暗喻在一个传统伦理道德和惩戒力量双重缺席的黑洞里，底层社会的挣扎、欲望和罪恶。

刘庆邦的近作《黑白男女》依然聚焦于煤矿工人的生活。由于瓦斯爆炸事故造成百多名矿工遇难，小说围绕矿难之后矿工家属面临的生活和情感的重建展开叙事。全书以三个死难矿工家庭为主线，展现了普通百姓在灾难面前互相温暖、自尊自强自立的动人故事。

刘庆邦

Liu Qingbang

Liu Qingbang was born in Shenqiu, Henan Province in December 1951. He is deputy chairman of Beijing Writers Association. After graduating from middle school, Liu Qingbang became a farmer and at the age of 19, he went to work in the coalmines on recruitment. Working at a place a thousand meters beneath the ground and living in a mining area for nine years had a significant influence on his writing perspectives and his outlook on life. Although he has transferred to a city for many years, rural areas and coalmines are still his main subjects of writing. Liu Qingbang is the author of five novels including Fault, Far Away Poetry, and The Ballad on the Plain and more than 20 novellas and essay collections including A Male Cave Visitor, Shepherd Sister Mei, The Land Blanketed in White Blossoms, The Whistling Instrument and so on. His short story Shoes won the second Lu Xun Literature Prize（1997-2000）and the novella A Mythological Wood won the second Lao She Literary Award. The film The Blind Well, a Silver Bear winner at the 53th Berlin Film Festival, was adapted from his novella A Mythological Wood. He also won the first Beijing Moral Artist Award. Many of his works have been translated into English, French, Japanese, Russian, German, Italian and other foreign languages.

Liu Qingbang made great achievement in creation of short stories and is thus hailed as the “King of Short Stories” in China, but his novellas and novels are equally wonderful. With regard to his own writing, he focuses on “the living conditions of migrant workers during the transition period of industrialization, urbanization, and marketization”. Professor Chen Xiaoming of the Chinese Department of Peking University compliments Liu Qingbang by saying that he “sculpts with a bare pen on the yellow soil”. The literary critic Sun Yu believes that Liu Qingbang’s extensive and detailed writing and treatment of the countryside has become scarce in today’s literary works. The famous writer Wang Anyi said, “By reading the words of Liu Qingbang, one can appreciate his love of words, just as farmers cherish their grain. He never squanders them.”

The novel A Land Cast in Moonlight describes the life of the ordinary, underprivileged people. It is a microcosm of China’s rural life in the 1960s and 1970s. Huang Jinzhong, the main protagonist in the novel, was born into a family of  landlords. After their parents died, he and his younger brother Huang Yinzhong live with their uncle Huang Hetu. They live in humiliation and cannot even find love for themselves. Huang Jinzhong flees Du Village again and again, but only to be sent back every time. When he finally returns to his hometown with honour, people still look at him through colored glasses. The novel presents the sorrow both of an individual and of the times. Reddening Coal unfolds, in a subtle and delicate depiction, the process of the protagonist Song Changyu’s quest of the powerful and rich, struggle, revenge, and depravity, striving to reveal the variation to the human nature and distortion of the soul. In A Mythological Wood, two people who make a living by killing for money swindle an honest and simple migrant worker in the train station to a coalmine with them and claim for compensation by killing him. The cross-examination of human nature in the dark underground coalmine reflects metaphorically the struggles, desires, and sins of  lower social classes in the dark cave where traditional ethics and disciplinary forces are absent.

His recent work Black and White Men and Women still focuses on the life of coal miners. As more than 100 miners are killed in a gas explosion, the novel narrates the reconstruction of the life and emotions encountered by the miners’ families in the aftermath of the accident. The book, with three bereaved families as the main threads, tells moving stories of the common people’s mutual warmth, self-esteem, and self-reliance in the face of disaster.

编辑 | 朱贺芳

“文化互译，沟通世界”