每课一句：新概念英语第1册第123课
【往期回顾】
接下来，我们就来看看第123课的“每课一句”。
一、课文原文
Lesson 123 A trip to Australia
Look, Scott. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.
Let me see it, Mike.
This is a good photograph. Who are these people?
They’re people I met during the trip.
That’s the ship we travelled on.
What a beautiful ship!
Who’s this?
That’s the man I told you about. Remember?
Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Australia.
That’s right.
Who’s this?
Guess!
It’s not you, is it?
That’s right.
I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home.
Why did you shave it off?
My wife didn’t like it!
——选自《新概念英语》第一册，外语教学与研究出版社，1997年10月第1版
二、每课一句
This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.
本课继续学习定语从句的用法，本课侧重的是关系代词的省略用法。
关于定语从句的基本用法，大家可以先参看之前我在第121-122课里的分享：
每课一句：新概念英语第1册第121课
关于关系代词的省略，首先要注意其省略的前提条件是：
先行词在定语从句中作宾语
比如上句中的先行词为a photograph，其后的定语从句为I took during my trip to Australia。先行词a photograph就在从句中用作took的宾语，所以原本photograph后面应该有个关系代词which或that的，但在此被省略了。
本课中同样的用法的句子还有：
They’re people I met during the trip.
That’s the ship we traveled on.
That’s the man I told you about.
以上三句话中定语从句的关系代词都被省略了，就是因为先行词都在从句中作宾语，其完整原形应该是：
They’re people who/whom I met during the trip.
That’s the ship which/that we travelled on.
That’s the man who/whom I told you about.
【注意】
如果先行词在定语从句中作宾语，但如果先行词是作介词的宾语，且该介词被提到了句首开头时，关系代词是不能省略的。而且，要注意，who和that不能再直接跟在介词后面。比如：
That's the ship on which we traveled.
That’s the man about whom I told you about.
三、更多拓展
The one who offered you a job in Australia.
注意这句话也使用了定语从句，但关系代词who却没有省略，为什么？
这是因为这句话的先行词the one在定语从句中用作offered前的主语。
但是，当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，是有可能把该从句改为分词短语结构的。比如上面这句话就可以改为：
The offering you a job in Australia.
该用法在双课第124课里提到了。比如：
The man standing behind the counter.
The men repairing the road.
其实，其完整原形原本是：
The man who is standing behind the counter.
The men who are repairing the road.
【注意】
当定语从句的谓语动词中含有情态动词或will/would/shall/should等助动词时，该从句就不能改为短语结构。如：
She is the woman who will visit our school next week.
