[原创]Dapr入门教程之二:Dapr的安装

安装Dapr的CLI

在安装Dapr runtime之前需要先安装Dapr的CLI。有两个原因,第一,如果你以后不是用Helm来安装Dapr的话,需要用Dapr CLI来执行dapr init。第二,即使你不用Dapr CLI,而是用Helm来安装,以后查看Dapr系统状态的时候还是要用到Dapr CLI,比如查看Runtime的状态(dapr status -k),查看Components状态(dapr components -k),查看Configurations状态(dapr configurations -k),甚至启动Dashboard的时候还是要执行(dapr dashboard -k)。你可以在很多OS上安装Dapr CLI,比如Windows,Linux,Mac OS,我用的是Windows10系统,可以选择在Windows上直接装,也可以在WSL(Windows Subsystem for Linux)上装,这里选择在WSL上安装(没有WSL的话在windows商店里选一个免费的Linux装上。我选的是Ubuntu)。参考官方文档How-To: Install Dapr CLI,在Ubuntu里执行:

$ wget -q https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dapr/cli/master/install/install.sh -O - | /bin/bash
Your system is linux_amd64
Installing Dapr CLI...

Getting the latest Dapr CLI...
Installing v0.11.0 Dapr CLI...
Downloading https://github.com/dapr/cli/releases/download/v0.11.0/dapr_linux_amd64.tar.gz ...
[sudo] password for ubuntu:
dapr installed into /usr/local/bin successfully.
CLI version: 0.11.0
Runtime version: n/a

To get started with Dapr, please visit https://docs.dapr.io/getting-started/

安装完成。看看版本号:

$ dapr --version
CLI version: 0.11.0
Runtime version: n/a

CLI是0.11.0版的,Runtime因为还没装,所以显示n/a。
因为接下来要安装1.0.0-rc.2的Runtime,1.x相对于0.x版有了重大的改进(比如多Instance模式),为了版本的统一性(低版本的CLI操作高版本的Runtime可能会出问题),把CLI升级到v1.0.0-rc.2版的吧。

curl -LO https://github.com/dapr/cli/releases/download/v1.0.0-rc.2/dapr_linux_amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzf dapr_linux_amd64.tar.gz
sudo cp dapr /usr/local/bin/dapr

再看一下版本:

$ dapr --version
CLI version: 1.0.0-rc.2
Runtime version: n/a

CLI安装完毕。接下来安装Runtime。

安装Dapr的Runtime

这里有两种选择,一个是Standalone mode,一个是Kubernetes mode。我们两个都试一下。

安装Docker Engine

Dapr Runtime安装的前提条件是要先安装Docker。不然安装Dapr的时候会报"could not connect to Docker. Docker may not be installed or running"的错。这里参考Docker的官方文档Install Docker Engine on Ubuntu来安装Docker Engine。

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install     apt-transport-https     ca-certificates     curl     gnupg-agent     software-properties-common
$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
$ sudo add-apt-repository    "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu    $(lsb_release -cs)    stable"
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

安装完成。把docker的service启动:

$ sudo service docker start

看看service是否启动:

$ service docker status
 * Docker is running

OK,Docker Engine安装完成。

安装Standalone版的Dapr Runtime

用dapr init来安装单机版,可以指定版本号。目前最新的是1.0.0-rc.2。

$ dapr init --runtime-version=1.0.0-rc.2
⌛  Making the jump to hyperspace...
←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑↗  Downloading binaries and setting up components...
Dapr runtime installed to /root/.dapr/bin, you may run the following to add it to your path if you want to run daprd directly:
    export PATH=$PATH:/root/.dapr/bin
→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←↑→↓←✅  Downloaded binaries and completed components set up.
ℹ️  daprd binary has been installed to /root/.dapr/bin.
ℹ️  dapr_placement container is running.
ℹ️  dapr_redis container is running.
ℹ️  dapr_zipkin container is running.
ℹ️  Use `docker ps` to check running containers.
✅  Success! Dapr is up and running. To get started, go here: https://aka.ms/dapr-getting-started
export PATH=$PATH:/root/.dapr/bin

完成。看看都装了什么东西。

$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                   PORTS                              NAMES
293b479ed26c   openzipkin/zipkin   "start-zipkin"           5 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes (healthy)   9410/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9411->9411/tcp   dapr_zipkin
a07696221fd2   daprio/dapr         "./placement"            5 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes             0.0.0.0:50005->50005/tcp           dapr_placement
c475c415332b   redis               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes             0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp             dapr_redis

跑起来三个Container。一个dapr_zipkin,一个dapr_placement,一个dapr_redis。
看看版本号:

$ dapr --version
CLI version: 1.0.0-rc.2
Runtime version: 1.0.0-rc.2

至此单机版的Dapr Runtime安装完成。
dapr list一下看看,什么也没有。因为我们还没有启动App。

安装Kubernetes版的Dapr Runtime

安装之前需要先有Kubernetes环境,minikube,AWS托管的EKS,Azure托管的AKS,GCP托管的GKE等等。这里选择在本地安装minikube。
参考官方文档

$ curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64
$ sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube

看看版本:

$ minikube version
minikube version: v1.16.0
commit: 9f1e482427589ff8451c4723b6ba53bb9742fbb1

先执行

$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER && newgrp docker

不然minikube启动的时候会报错。然后启动minikube环境:

$ minikube start
😄  minikube v1.16.0 on Ubuntu 20.04
✨  Automatically selected the docker driver
👍  Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
🚜  Pulling base image ...
💾  Downloading Kubernetes v1.20.0 preload ...
    > preloaded-images-k8s-v8-v1....: 491.00 MiB / 491.00 MiB  100.00% 2.56 MiB

🔥  Creating docker container (CPUs=2, Memory=3100MB) ...
🐳  Preparing Kubernetes v1.20.0 on Docker 20.10.0 ...
    ▪ Generating certificates and keys ...
    ▪ Booting up control plane ...
    ▪ Configuring RBAC rules ...
🔎  Verifying Kubernetes components...
🌟  Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass
💡  kubectl not found. If you need it, try: 'minikube kubectl -- get pods -A'
🏄  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default

看看docker ps的结果:

$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                           COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                    PORTS                                                                                                      NAMES
cc47e6e56d32   gcr.io/k8s-minikube/kicbase:v0.0.15-snapshot4   "/usr/local/bin/entr…"   4 minutes ago    Up 4 minutes              127.0.0.1:49156->22/tcp, 127.0.0.1:49155->2376/tcp, 127.0.0.1:49154->5000/tcp, 127.0.0.1:49153->8443/tcp   minikube
fedf3508c0f4   daprio/dapr:1.0.0-rc.2                          "./placement"            43 minutes ago   Up 43 minutes             0.0.0.0:50005->50005/tcp                                                                                   dapr_placement
c52f4a72abc4   redis                                           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   44 minutes ago   Up 44 minutes             0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp                                                                                     dapr_redis
af7b8dd7dcf3   openzipkin/zipkin                               "start-zipkin"           44 minutes ago   Up 44 minutes (healthy)   9410/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9411->9411/tcp                                                                           dapr_zipkin

多了个minikube的Container。
接下来安装kubectl。参考官方文档:

$ curl -LO "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
$ chmod +x ./kubectl
$ sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl

看看版本:

$ kubectl version --client
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.1", GitCommit:"c4d752765b3bbac2237bf87cf0b1c2e307844666", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-12-18T12:09:25Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

安装Dapr Runtime可以用Dapr CLI也可以用Helm。我们选择用Helm来安装。参考官方文档:

$ curl https://baltocdn.com/helm/signing.asc | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https --yes
$ echo "deb https://baltocdn.com/helm/stable/debian/ all main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/helm-stable-debian.list
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install helm

看一下版本:

$ helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.4.2", GitCommit:"23dd3af5e19a02d4f4baa5b2f242645a1a3af629", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.14.13"}

终于可以安装Dapr了。这里指定目前最新的版本号1.0.0-rc.2。

$ helm repo add dapr https://dapr.github.io/helm-charts/
$ helm repo update
$ kubectl create namespace dapr-system
$ helm install dapr dapr/dapr --version 1.0.0-rc.2 --namespace dapr-system

看一下版本号:

$ dapr status -k
  NAME                   NAMESPACE    HEALTHY  STATUS   REPLICAS  VERSION     AGE  CREATED
  dapr-dashboard         dapr-system  True     Running  1         0.5.0       1m   2020-12-26 02:22.08
  dapr-sidecar-injector  dapr-system  True     Running  1         1.0.0-rc.2  1m   2020-12-26 02:22.08
  dapr-sentry            dapr-system  True     Running  1         1.0.0-rc.2  1m   2020-12-26 02:22.08
  dapr-operator          dapr-system  True     Running  1         1.0.0-rc.2  1m   2020-12-26 02:22.08
  dapr-placement-server  dapr-system  True     Running  1         1.0.0-rc.2  1m   2020-12-26 02:22.08

我们看看启动了什么Pod:

$ kubectl get pods -n dapr-system
NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dapr-dashboard-6f749469dd-z7hzx          1/1     Running   0          3m45s
dapr-operator-699cd79686-nndhd           1/1     Running   0          3m45s
dapr-placement-server-0                  1/1     Running   0          3m45s
dapr-sentry-7c4fb54fb7-xsx5q             1/1     Running   0          3m45s
dapr-sidecar-injector-6bdbc588fc-tzpm4   1/1     Running   0          3m45s

启动了5个Pod,dapr-dashboard,dapr-operator,dapr-placement,dapr-sentry,dapr-sidecar-injector。
其中dapr-dashboard负责显示Dapr Dashboard,dapr-operator负责管理Dapr Component的更新和Kubernetes Service Endpoint(State stores,pub/sub等),dapr-sidecar-injector负责将Dapr的sidecar注入带Dapr注释的Pod(如果App的Deploy里有dapr.io/app-id, dapr.io/app-port之类的annotation,就会被注入Dapr sidecar。这时你会发现Pod里有两个Container)。dapr-placement用于Actor,创建将Actor实例映射到Pod的映射表。dapr-sentry负责管理服务之间的mTLS并充当证书颁发机构。
把Dapr Dashboard起来看看:

$ dapr dashboard -k

效果和"kubectl port-forward svc/dapr-dashboard 8080:8080 -n dapr-system"是一样的。
在浏览器里输入http://localhost:8080。
恭喜,Dapr Runtime终于安装完成了!

本章就到这里。下一章我们来部署一个Dapr的微服务的例子。

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