鼓浪屿有“二次葬”民俗?十九世纪洋人曾为此惊奇!
鹭客社:守望共同的尘世故乡
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看到我发的关于泉州南安九日山二次葬民俗的文章后,厦门知名收藏家陈亚元给我发来了两张老照片。陈亚元认为,老照片拍摄于1870年或者更早,拍摄地点很可能是厦门鼓浪屿。
很快,鼓浪屿人陈志民亦给我发来他曾在《鹭客社》发布的翻译文章,文章是根据1843年1月21日出版的英国文学与教育委员会《星期六》杂志中的《中英贸易中的五口通商口岸》一文(同样是陈亚元收藏)翻译的,其中,第十七段写到了鼓浪屿“二次葬”情形:“在岩石间有一些盖上的密封的石罐。这些罐子中有人体骨骼,每个骨骼被仔细包装,并编号,用红色油漆标记。”这“石罐”实为“陶瓮”。
老照片与文字记载惊人的吻合,皆指向鼓浪屿曾有“二次葬”的事实。其摆放方式,与泉州南安九日山的瓮棺如出一辄。
The island of Ko-long-soois of an irregular oval form, stretching east and west, or nearly in such direction;it is about two miles long, and about twice that distance in circumference. Itconsists of a mass of granite which protrudes to a great height in several places,in the form of immense rounded blocks. Among the rocks under their shelter werefound a number of stone jars with covers luted on. These jars contained perfecthuman skeletons disarticulated, each bone carefully packed, and numbered and markedwith red paint. The island is naturally barren, but most excellent water aboundsat a few feet from the surface, -a circumstance which Chinese industry hastaken advantage of in every situation at all favourable to cultivation. Thesweetpotato, and a sort of dhall, are the principal products. There are fivevillages, and in two of them large trees are to be seen, preserved apparentlyfor the shade which they afford. The guava flourishes in the gardens, and thevine trailed over trellis is occasionally met with.
鼓浪屿呈不规则的椭圆形,岛呈东西走向,或大致朝此方向延伸,岛大约有两英里长,周长大约4英里。岛上遍布花岗岩,在几个地方有突出花岗岩岩体,形成巨大的圆形岩山。在岩石间有一些盖上的密封的石罐。这些罐子中有人体骨骼,每个骨骼被仔细包装,并编号,用红色油漆标记。岛上十分荒芜,但离地表几英尺的地方就可获得充足而优质的水,这是岛上开展工业的有利条件。地瓜和一种木豆,是岛上主要的农产品。岛上有五个村庄,其中有两棵大树,显然是因为其巨大的树荫而被保存的。番石榴在花园里繁茂地生长,偶尔可看见藤蔓在棚架上摇曳的景色。
老照片中的瓮棺
泉州南安九日山的瓮棺